迪昂-奎因命题与暗物质问题
The Duhem-Quine thesis and the dark matter problem
摘要：
在入门物理学中，很少有机会真正讨论科学哲学，特别是在物理原理直截了当、数学简单的情况下。地球上的经典力学满足了这些要求，但物理学的新手通常对这门学科有太多不正确或误导性的先入之见，无法从认识论上进行分析。暗物质的问题，特别是螺旋星系速度旋转曲线的物理学，是牛顿运动定律和引力定律的直接应用，并且刚刚从日常经验中删除，以便从一个新的角度进行分析。建议教授学生物理学哲学中的重要问题，包括培根的归纳法，波普尔的可证伪性和迪昂-奎因论文，所有这些都是在暗物质问题的基础上进行的。这些问题可以在高级经典力学课程中讨论，或者在有限的简化下，在入门力学的第一门课程结束时讨论。我们的目标是让学生在更深层次上了解物理界是如何达到目前的知识状态的。
英文摘要：
There are few opportunities in introductory physics for a genuine discussion of the philosophy of science, especially in cases where the physical principles are straightforward and the mathematics is simple. Terrestrial classical mechanics satisfies these requirements, but students new to physics usually carry too many incorrect or misleading preconceptions about the subject for it to be analyzed epistemologically. The problem of dark matter, and especially the physics of spiral galaxy velocity rotation curves, is a straightforward application of Newton's laws of motion and gravitation, and is just enough removed from everyday experience to be analyzed from a fresh perspective. It is proposed to teach students about important issues in the philosophy of physics, including Bacon's induction, Popper's falsifiability, and the Duhem-Quine thesis, all in light of the dark matter problem. These issues can be discussed in an advanced classical mechanics course, or, with limited simplification, at the end of a first course in introductory mechanics. The goal is for students to understand at a deeper level how the physics community has arrived at the current state of knowledge.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
