生物地球化学循环网络比食物网更强烈的六种一般生态系统性质
Six General Ecosystem Properties are more Intense in Biogeochemical Cycling Networks than Food Webs
摘要：
网络分析揭示了假设为生态系统的一般特征的全网络特性，包括路径增殖、网络非局域性、同质化、放大、互利共生和协同作用。总的来说，这些特性表征了生态系统要素之间间接相互作用的影响。虽然生态系统网络通常通过系统追踪一个生态保护单元，但似乎有几个模型类。例如，营养（TRO）网络是建立在食物网〈动〉<动>上的，通常遵循能量或碳，并且在文献中是最丰富的。生物地球化学循环（BGC）网络追踪氮或磷等营养物质，并且往往比TRO具有更多的再循环。我们测试了（1）BGC网络中属性的假设一般性，以及（2）由于循环增加，它们在BGC网络中的表达往往比在TRO网络中更强烈。我们比较了22个BGC和57个TRO生态系统网络的性能，从文献中使用enaR。研究结果基本上支持了上述假设。首先，其中5个属性出现在所有22个BGC模型中，而网络互利共生出现在86%的模型中。此外，这些结果通常对模型参数的$\pm$ 50%不确定性具有稳健性。第二，六个属性的平均网络统计在BGC模型中比TRO模型在统计上显著更大。这些结果（1）证实了这些属性在生态系统网络中的普遍存在，（2）强调了模型类型在确定属性强度方面的重要性，（3）加强了回收的重要性，（4）为未来的系统比较提供了一套指标基准。此外，这项工作突出了网络连接分布的间接影响如何改变整个生态系统的功能，并增加了网络生态学的增长领域。
英文摘要：
Network analysis has revealed whole-network properties hypothesized to be general characteristics of ecosystems including pathway proliferation, and network non-locality, homogenization, amplification, mutualism, and synergism. Collectively these properties characterize the impact of indirect interactions among ecosystem elements. While ecosystem networks generally trace a thermodynamically conserved unit through the system, there appear to be several model classes. For example, trophic (TRO) networks are built upon a food web, usually follow energy or carbon, and are the most abundant in the literature. Biogeochemical cycling (BGC) networks trace nutrients like nitrogen or phosphorus and tend to have more recycling than TRO. We tested (1) the hypothesized generality of the properties in BGC networks and (2) that they tend to be more strongly expressed in BGC networks than in the TRO networks due to increased recycling. We compared the properties in 22 BGC and 57 TRO ecosystem networks from the literature using enaR. The results generally support the hypotheses. First, five of the properties occurred in all 22 BGC models, while network mutualism occurred in 86% of the models. Further, these results were generally robust to a $\pm$50% uncertainty in the model parameters. Second, the mean network statistics for the six properties were statistically significantly greater in the BGC models than the TRO models. These results (1) confirm the general presence of these properties in ecosystem networks, (2) highlight the significance of model types in determining property intensities, (3) reinforce the importance of recycling, and (4) provide a set of indicator benchmarks for future systems comparisons. Further, this work highlights how indirect effects distributed by network connectivity can transform whole-ecosystem functioning, and adds to the growing domain of network ecology.
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