饲养鸭、细菌趋化性和基尼系数
Feeding ducks, bacterial chemotaxis, and the Gini index
摘要：
关于鸭群在分散的食物来源周围分布的经典实验发现，这种分布与“理想自由”分布是一致的，即当地人口与当地供应率成正比。受这个实验和其他实验的启发，我们研究了微生物世界中的类似问题：趋化细菌在多个附近食物来源周围的分布。与可能保持在空间变化的营养物场中的单个细胞水平的摄取速率的优化相反，趋化细胞群体的营养物消耗将改变营养物场，并且摄取速率通常在整个群体中变化。通过一个简单的模型，我们研究了在细菌和营养物质的趋化性，消耗和扩散的存在下，资源摄取的分布。借用理论经济学领域，我们探讨如何基尼系数可以作为一种手段来量化的不平等的吸收。趋化性的再分配效应可以导致一种现象，我们称之为“趋化水平”，并简要地考虑了这些结果对种群适应度的影响。
英文摘要：
Classic experiments on the distribution of ducks around separated food sources found consistency with the `ideal free' distribution in which the local population is proportional to the local supply rate. Motivated by this experiment and others, we examine the analogous problem in the microbial world: the distribution of chemotactic bacteria around multiple nearby food sources. In contrast to the optimization of uptake rate that may hold at the level of a single cell in a spatially varying nutrient field, nutrient consumption by a population of chemotactic cells will modify the nutrient field, and the uptake rate will generally vary throughout the population. Through a simple model we study the distribution of resource uptake in the presence of chemotaxis, consumption, and diffusion of both bacteria and nutrients. Borrowing from the field of theoretical economics, we explore how the Gini index can be used as a means to quantify the inequalities of uptake. The redistributive effect of chemotaxis can lead to a phenomenon we term `chemotactic levelling', and the influence of these results on population fitness are briefly considered.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
