Characterizing X-ray and Radio emission in the Black Hole X-Ray Binary V404 Cygni during Quiescence
Vikram Rana, Alan Loh, Stephane Corbel, John A. Tomsick, Deepto Chakrabarty, Dominic J. Walton, Didier Barret, Steven E. Boggs, Finn E. Christensen, William Cra… 展开作者
Vikram Rana, Alan Loh, Stephane Corbel, John A. Tomsick, Deepto Chakrabarty, Dominic J. Walton, Didier Barret, Steven E. Boggs, Finn E. Christensen, William Craig, Felix Fuerst, Poshak Gandhi, Brian W. Grefenstette, Charles Hailey, Fiona A. Harrison, Kristin K. Madsen, Farid Rahoui, Daniel Stern, Shriharsh Tendulkar, William W. Zhang
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16 pages, 11 figures and 3 tables, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
We present results from multi-wavelength simultaneous X-ray and radio observations of the black hole X-ray binary V404 Cyg in quiescence. Our coverage with NuSTAR provides the very first opportunity to study the X-ray spectrum of V404 Cyg at energies above 10 keV. The unabsorbed broad-band (0.3--30 keV) quiescent luminosity of the source is 8.9$\times$10$^{32}$ erg s$^{-1}$ for a distance of 2.4 kpc. The source shows clear variability on short time scales (an hour to a couple of hours) in radio, soft X-ray and hard X-ray bands in the form of multiple flares. The broad-band X-ray spectra obtained from XMM-Newton and NuSTAR can be characterized with a power-law model having photon index $Γ$=2.12$\pm$0.07 (90\% confidence errors); however, residuals at high energies indicate spectral curvature significant at a 3$σ$ confidence level with e-folding energy of the cutoff to be 20$^{+20}_{-7}$ keV. Such curvature can be explained using synchrotron emission from the base of a jet outflow. Radio observations using the VLA reveal that the spectral index evolves on very fast time-scales (as short as 10 min.), switching between optically thick and thin synchrotron emission, possibly due to instabilities in the compact jet or stochastic instabilities in accretion rate. We explore different scenarios to explain this very fast variability.
We present simultaneous X-ray and radio observations of the black hole X-ray binary V404 Cygni at the end of its 2015 outburst. From 2015 July 11-August 5 we monitored V404 Cygni with Chandra, Swift, and NuSTAR in the X-ray, and with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the Very Long Baseline Array in the radio, spanning a range of luminosities that were poorly covered during its previous outburst in 1989 (our 2015 campaign covers 2e33<Lx<1e34 erg/s). During our 2015 campaign, the X-ray spectrum evolved rapidly from a hard photon index of Gamma~1.6 (at Lx~1e34 erg/s) to a softer Gamma~2 (at…
The microquasar V404 Cygni (also known as GS 2023+338) was previously reported to have weak GeV gamma-ray emission in sub-day time periods during its 2015 outburst. In order to provide more detailed information at the high energy range for this black hole binary system, we conduct analysis to the data obtained with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi). Both LAT database and source catalog used are the latest. In addition to the previously reported detection at the peak of the 2015 outburst, we find possible detection ($\sim 4σ$) of the source durin…
The black hole binary V404 Cygni (= GS 2023+338) had an outburst on June 15, 2015 after 26 years of quiescence. We report the multi-color optical observation (g', Rc, and Ic) of this object at the beginning of its outburst performed by the MITSuME 50cm telescope in Akeno, Yamanashi, and the MURIKABUSHI 105 cm Telescope at Ishigakijima Astronomical Observatory. With time domain analysis of the multi-color light curves, we successfully decomposed optical variations into two components: a highly-variable, and a little-variable component. The loci of the little-variable component in the color-colo…
SS Cyg has long been recognized as the prototype of a group of dwarf novae that show only outbursts. However, this object has entered a quite anomalous event in 2021, which at first appeared to be standstill, i.e., an almost constant luminosity state, observed in Z Cam-type dwarf novae. This unexpected event gives us a great opportunity to reconsider the nature of standstill in cataclysmic variables. We have observed this anomalous event and its forerunner, a gradual and simultaneous increase in the optical and X-ray flux during quiescence, through many optical telescopes and the X-ray telesco…
We present multi-frequency monitoring observations of the black hole X-ray binary V404 Cygni throughout its June 2015 outburst. Our data set includes radio and mm/sub-mm photometry, taken with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, Arc-Minute MicroKelvin Imager Large Array, Sub-millimeter Array, James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, and the Northern Extended Millimetre Array, combined with publicly available infrared, optical, UV, and X-ray measurements. With these data, we report detailed diagnostics of the spectral and variability properties of the jet emission observed during different stages of thi…
The black-hole binary, V404 Cygni, went into outburst in June 2015, after 26 years of X-ray quiescence. We observed the outburst with the Neil Gehrels Swift observatory. We present optical/UV observations taken with the Swift Ultra-violet Optical Telescope, and compare them with the X-ray observations obtained with the Swift X-ray Telescope. We find that dust extinction affecting the optical/UV, does not correlate with absorption due to neutral hydrogen that affects the X-ray emission. We suggest there is a small inhomogeneous high density absorber containing a negligible amount of dust, close…
In recent years, fundamental relationships for the black hole X-ray binaries have been established between their X-ray luminosity $L_X$ and the photon index $Γ$ of their X-ray spectrum. For the moderate-luminosity regime, an anti-correlation between $Γ$ and $L_X$ has been observed. In this article, aimed to verify if the moderate luminous X-ray binary system LSI +61303 is a black hole, we analyse $Swift$ observations of LSI +61303. We compare the derived $L_X$ vs $Γ$ distribution, first with the statistical trend for black hole X-ray binaries, then with the trend of the pulsar PSR B1259-63, an…
After 25 years of quiescence, the microquasar V404 Cyg entered a new period of activity in June 2015. This X-ray source is known to undergo extremely bright and variable outbursts seen at all wavelengths. It is therefore an object of prime interest to understand the accretion-ejection connections. These can, however, only be probed through simultaneous observations at several wavelengths. We made use of the INTEGRAL instruments to obtain long, almost uninterrupted observations from 2015 June 20$^{\mathrm{th}}$, 15:50 UTC to June 25$^{\mathrm{th}}$, 4:05 UTC, from the optical V-band, up to the …
Relativistic outflows are believed to be a common feature of black hole X-ray binaries at the lowest accretion rates, when they are in their `quiescent' spectral state. However, we still lack a detailed understanding of how quiescent jet emission varies with time. Here we present 24 years of archival radio observations (from the Very Large Array and the Very Long Baseline Array) of the black hole X-ray binary V404 Cygni in quiescence (totalling 150 observations from 1.4 -- 22 GHz). The observed flux densities follow lognormal distributions with means and standard deviations of (<log f_nu>, sig…
We present a multiwavelength study of the Be/X-ray binary system XTE J1946+274 with the main goal of better characterizing its behavior during X-ray quiescence. We aim to shed light on the mechanism which triggers the X-ray activity for this source. XTE J1946+274 was observed by Chandra-ACIS during quiescence in 2013 March 12. In addition, this source has been monitored from the ground-based astronomical observatories of El Teide (Tenerife, Spain), Roque de los Muchachos (La Palma, Spain) and Sierra Nevada (Granada, Spain) since 2011 September, and from the TUBITAK National Observatory (Antaly…
After more than 26 years in quiescence, the black hole transient V404 Cyg went into a luminous outburst in June 2015, and additional activity was detected in late December of the same year. Here, we present an optical spectroscopic follow-up of the December mini-outburst, together with X-ray, optical and radio monitoring that spanned more than a month. Strong flares with gradually increasing intensity are detected in the three spectral ranges during the ~10 days following the Swift trigger. Our optical spectra reveal the presence of a fast outflowing wind, as implied by the detection of a P-Cy…
Two sides of the same spin: tracking optical and radio pulsations of SAX J1808.4-3658 from outburst to quiescence
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）；Sapienza Università di Roma（罗马第一大学）；ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana（意大利航天局）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡利亚里天文台）；INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera（意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台）；Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)（空间科学研究所（西班牙高等科学研究委员会））；Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)（加泰罗尼亚空间研究学院）
We have studied long-term optical, ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray observations of OJ 287 collected with the UVOT and XRT instruments mounted on board the Swift satellite to quantify spectral and temporal variability patterns observed during different activity states. We characterized the flux variations using the data collected during almost 11 yr of the monitoring of the blazar. Significant variability of the blazar has been detected both in the flux and spectral index from the optical to X-ray regimes. We noted that the variability patterns observed in the optical range are more pronounced than …
We present a joint spectral analysis of ROSAT PSPC, Swift XRT, and NuSTAR FPMA/B data of the nova-like (NL) cataclysmic variables (CVs), BZ Cam and V592 Cas in the 0.1-78.0 keV band. Plasma models of collisional equilibrium fail to model the 6.0-7.0 iron line complex and continuum with $χ^2_ν$ larger than 2.0. Our results show nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) conditions in the X-ray plasma with temperatures of 8.2-9.4 keV and 10.0-12.9 keV for BZ Cam and V592 Cas, respectively. The centroids of He-like and H-like iron ionization lines are not at their equilibrium values as expected from NEI con…
