在本文中，我们观察到的吸收测量分布（AMD）在Mrk 509，它跨越三个数量级的电离水平与压力平衡的单区吸收模型。AMD通常是由观测到的具有暖吸收体的射电宁静活动星系中的窄吸收线构建的。本文利用最近发表的不同仪器观测到的宽谱能量分布研究了Mrk~509中暖吸收体的性质。该光谱是使用{ \sc titan}代码进行完全光电离处理的辐射转移计算中的输入。我们表明，最简单的方法来完全再现AMD的形状是假设温暖的吸收体是一个单一的区域下恒定的总压。在此假设下，我们发现理论AMD与基于Mrk~509的600 ks RGS XMM-牛顿谱确定的观测AMD相匹配。源光谱的柔软性和自由-自由发射的重要作用打破了电离态计算中通常的简并性，并且AMD下降深度对密度的显式依赖性为热吸收体的密度诊断开辟了一条新的途径。在Mrk 509中，隐含密度为$10^8$ cm $^{-3}$的量级。
英文摘要：
In this paper we model the observed absorption measure distribution (AMD) in Mrk 509, which spans three orders of magnitude in ionization level with a single-zone absorber in pressure equilibrium. AMD is usually constructed from observations of narrow absorption lines in radio-quiet active galaxies with warm absorbers. We study the properties of the warm absorber in Mrk~509 using recently published broad-band spectral energy distribution observed with different instruments. This spectrum is an input in radiative transfer computations with full photoionisation treatment using {\sc titan} code. We show that the simplest way to fully reproduce the shape of AMD is to assume that the warm absorber is a single zone under constant total pressure. With this assumption we found theoretical AMD which matches the observed one determined on the basis of 600 ks RGS XMM-Newton spectrum of Mrk~509. The softness of the source spectrum and the important role of the free-free emission breaks the usual degeneracy in the ionization state calculations, and the explicit dependence of the depths of AMD dips on density open a new path to density diagnostic for the warm absorber. In Mrk 509 the implied density is of the order of $10^8$ cm$^{-3}$.
We present two new NuSTAR observations of the narrow line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy Mrk 766 and give constraints on the two scenarios previously proposed to explain its spectrum and that of other NLS1s: relativistic reflection and partial covering. The NuSTAR spectra show a strong hard (>15 keV) X-ray excess, while simultaneous soft X-ray coverage of one of the observations provided by XMM-Newton constrains the ionised absorption in the source. The pure reflection model requires a black hole of high spin ($a>0.92$) viewed at a moderate inclination ($i=46^{+1}_{-4}$ degrees). The pure partial cov…
Integral Field Spectroscopy of AGN Absorption Outflows: Mrk 509 and IRAS F04250-5718
紫外线吸收谱线提供了丰富的光谱信息，使探测活动星系核外流的物理条件成为可能，但外流半径（以及由此产生的能量）只能间接确定。在本文中，我们提出了第一个直接测试这些测定使用积分场单元（IFU）光谱。我们已经进行了双子座IFU映射的电离气体星云周围的两个活动星系核，其流出半径已被约束的紫外吸收线分析。在Mrk 509中，我们发现了一个半径为1.2 kpc，速度为$\sim290$ km s $^{-1}$的准球形外流，而IRAS F04250 $-$ 5718则驱动着一个扩展到2.9 kpc的双锥形外流，速度为$\sim580$ km s $^{-1}$，张角为$\sim70^{\circ}$。导出的质量流率分别为$\sim5$和$>1$ M $_{\odot}$ yr $^{-1}$，两者的动力学光度均为$\gtrsim1\times10^{41}$ erg s $^{-1}$。采用IFU中测量的流出半径和几何参数，吸收线分析将产生与上述结果一致的质量流率和动力学光度，其系数为$\sim2$。我们的结论是，空间位置，运动学和能量揭示了这个IFU的发射线研究是一致的与预先存在的紫外线吸收线分析，提供了一个期待已久的直接确认后者作为一种有效的方法来表征流出属性。
Accretion disks and coronae around massive black holes have been studied extensively, and they are known to be coupled. Over a period of 30 years, however, the X-ray (coronal) flux of Mrk 817 increased by a factor of 40 while its UV (disk) flux remained relatively steady. Recent high-cadence monitoring finds that the X-ray and UV continua in Mrk 817 are also decoupled on time scales of weeks and months. These findings could require mechanical beaming of the innermost accretion flow, and/or an absorber that shields the disk and/or broad line region (BLR) from the X-ray corona. Herein, we report…
New near- and far-ultraviolet (NUV and FUV) HST spectra of Mrk 231, the nearest quasar known, are combined with ground-based optical spectra to study the remarkable dichotomy between the FUV and NUV-optical spectral regions in this object. The FUV emission-line features are faint, broad, and highly blueshifted (up to ~7000 km/s), with no significant accompanying absorption. In contrast, the profiles of the NUV absorption features resemble those of the optical Na I D, He I, and Ca II H and K lines, exhibiting broad blue-shifted troughs that overlap in velocity space with the FUV emission-line f…
The Seyfert Galaxy Mrk 335 is known for its frequent changes of flux and spectral shape in the X-ray band occurred during recent years. These variations may be explained by the onset of a wind that previous, non-contemporaneous high-resolution spectroscopy in X-ray and UV bands located at accretion disc scale. A simultaneous new campaign by XMM-Newton and HST caught the source at an historical low flux in the X-ray band. The soft X-ray spectrum is dominated by prominent emission features, and by the effect of a strong ionized absorber with an outflow velocity of 5-6X10$^3$~km~s$^{-1}$. The bro…
High resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the warm absorber in the nearby X-ray bright Seyfert 1 galaxy, Mrk 1040 is presented. The observations were carried out in the 2013-2014 timeframe using the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating with a total exposure of 200 ks. A multitude of absorption lines from Ne, Mg and Si are detected from a wide variety of ionization states. In particular, the detection of inner K-shell absorption lines from Ne, Mg and Si, from charge states ranging from F-like to Li-like ions, suggests the presence of a substantial amount of low ionization absorbing gas, illumin…
We recently discovered that the active galactic nucleus (AGN) of Mrk 1018 has changed optical type again after 30 years as a type 1 AGN. Here we combine Chandra, NuStar, Swift, Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based observations to explore the cause of this change. The 2-10keV flux declines by a factor of ~8 between 2010 and 2016. We show with our X-ray observation that this is not caused by varying neutral hydrogen absorption along the line-of-sight up to the Compton-thick level. The optical-UV spectral energy distributions are well fit with a standard geometrically thin optically thick accr…
To elucidate the location, physical conditions, mass outflow rate, and kinetic luminosity of the outflow from the active nucleus of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509 we used coordinated ultraviolet and X-ray spectral observations in 2012 to follow up our lengthier campaign conducted in 2009. We observed Mrk 509 with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) on 2012-09-03 and 2012-10-11 coordinated with X-ray observations using the High Energy Transmission Grating on the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Our far-ultraviolet spectra used grating G140L on COS to cover waveleng…
We examine the long-term optical/near-infrared (NIR) flux variability of a "changing-look" active galactic nucleus (AGN) Mrk 590 between 1998 and 2007. Multi-band multi-epoch optical/NIR photometry data from the SDSS Stripe 82 database and the Multicolor Active Galactic Nuclei Monitoring (MAGNUM) project reveal that Mrk 590 experienced a sudden luminosity decrease during the period from 2000 to 2001. Detection of dust reverberation lag signals between $V$- and $K$-band light curves obtained by the MAGNUM project during the faint state in $2003-2007$ suggests that the dust torus innermost radiu…
