一般背景电磁场在周期超立方晶格上的实现
On the Implementation of General Background Electromagnetic Fields on a Periodic Hypercubic Lattice
摘要：
在强子系统的晶格量子色动力学计算中，非均匀背景电磁场的引入，为强子和核的电磁性质提供了一种约束手段，从它们的高电磁矩和电荷半径到它们的电磁形状因子。我们展示了在一定条件下如何在周期性超立方晶格上构造非均匀场，并确定了背景U（1）规范链的精确形式，这些规范链必须施加在量子色动力学规范场配置上以保持周期性。一旦补充了一套量子化条件的背景场参数，这种结构保证没有不均匀性发生在强子关联函数跨越边界的晶格。均匀电场和磁场的特殊情况，在一个空间坐标系中线性变化的非均匀电场（与四重矩和电荷半径的确定有关），具有给定时间和空间依赖性的非均匀电场和磁场（与核子自旋极化率的测定有关）和平面波电磁场（与电磁形状因子的确定有关）进行了明确的讨论。
英文摘要：
Nonuniform background electromagnetic fields, once implemented in lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations of hadronic systems, provide a means to constrain a large class of electromagnetic properties of hadrons and nuclei, from their higher electromagnetic moments and charge radii to their electromagnetic form factors. We show how nonuniform fields can be constructed on a periodic hypercubic lattice under certain conditions and determine the precise form of the background U(1) gauge links that must be imposed on the quantum chromodynamics gauge-field configurations to maintain periodicity. Once supplemented by a set of quantization conditions on the background-field parameters, this construction guarantees that no nonuniformity occurs in the hadronic correlation functions across the boundary of the lattice. The special cases of uniform electric and magnetic fields, a nonuniform electric field that varies linearly in one spatial coordinate (relevant to the determination of quadruple moment and charge radii), nonuniform electric and magnetic fields with given temporal and spatial dependences (relevant to the determination of nucleon spin polarizabilities) and plane-wave electromagnetic fields (relevant to the determination of electromagnetic form factors) are discussed explicitly.
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