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arXiv 1507.01663cs.DCcs.DB
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几乎强一致性:分布式存储系统中的“足够好”

Almost Strong Consistency: "Good Enough" in Distributed Storage Systems

Hengfeng Wei, Yu Huang, Jiannong Cao, Jian Lu

摘要:

一旦分布式存储系统复制数据,就会出现一致性/延迟权衡。对于低延迟,现代存储系统通常满足于弱一致性条件,这对数据一致性提供很少甚至更糟的保证。在本文中,我们提出了几乎强一致性的概念,作为一个更好的平衡选项的一致性/延迟权衡。它提供了每次读取的数据版本的确定性有界陈旧性和“读取陈旧值”的概率量化,同时实现了低延迟。在分布式存储系统中,我们调查几乎强一致性的2-原子性。我们的2AM(2-Atomicity Maintenance)算法在一次通信往返中完成读取和写入,并保证每次读取都获得最新2个版本中的值。为了量化“读取陈旧值”的比率,我们将所谓的“新旧倒置”现象分解为并发模式和读写模式,并分别提出了一个随机的存储模型和一个“定时的球入箱模型”来分析它们。理论分析不仅证明了“新旧倒置”很少发生,而且还揭示了读写模式在保证这种罕见的数据不一致性方面占主导地位。这些进一步证实了实验结果,表明2-原子性是“足够好”的分布式存储系统实现低延迟,有界陈旧,和罕见的数据不一致。

英文摘要:

A consistency/latency tradeoff arises as soon as a distributed storage system replicates data. For low latency, modern storage systems often settle for weak consistency conditions, which provide little, or even worse, no guarantee for data consistency. In this paper we propose the notion of almost strong consistency as a better balance option for the consistency/latency tradeoff. It provides both deterministically bounded staleness of data versions for each read and probabilistic quantification on the rate of "reading stale values", while achieving low latency. In the context of distributed storage systems, we investigate almost strong consistency in terms of 2-atomicity. Our 2AM (2-Atomicity Maintenance) algorithm completes both reads and writes in one communication round-trip, and guarantees that each read obtains the value of within the latest 2 versions. To quantify the rate of "reading stale values", we decompose the so-called "old-new inversion" phenomenon into concurrency patterns and read-write patterns, and propose a stochastic queueing model and a "timed balls-into-bins model" to analyze them, respectively. The theoretical analysis not only demonstrates that "old-new inversions" rarely occur as expected, but also reveals that the read-write pattern dominates in guaranteeing such rare data inconsistencies. These are further confirmed by the experimental results, showing that 2-atomicity is "good enough" in distributed storage systems by achieving low latency, bounded staleness, and rare data inconsistencies.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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