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arXiv 1506.07085astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM
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比较NEO搜索望远镜

Comparing NEO Search Telescopes

Nathan Myhrvold

摘要:

已提议使用多个地面和空间望远镜来探测和跟踪近地天体。对这些系统搜索性能的详细模拟使用了复杂的计算机代码,这些代码并不广泛可用,这妨碍了对建议进行准确的交叉比较,并模糊了它们是否具有一致的假设。此外,一些拟议的仪器将探测红外波段,而另一些仪器将在可见波段工作,模拟中使用的小行星热模型和可见光模型之间的差异使同类比较更加复杂。我使用简单的物理原理来估计地面大型综合巡天望远镜和三个天基仪器的基本性能指标-哨兵,NEOCam和立方体卫星星座。对两种不同的近地天体分布情况,即Bottke等人的一般近地天体分布情况和Veres等人的撞击地球的近地天体分布情况,进行了性能测量。比较结果显示了简化的相对性能指标,包括搜索量中可见近地天体的预期数量和每个系统的预期初始探测率。虽然这些简化的比较没有捕捉到所有的细节,但它们对限制性能的物理因素提供了相当深入的了解。多个小行星热模型,包括FRM,NEATM,和一个新的广义形式的FRM(GFRM)。我描述的问题,如何在以前的研究中,这可能会使他们不准确的红外辐射和发射率估计。一个翻滚的小行星的热模型也被开发出来,并表明翻滚的小行星可能是令人惊讶的难以观察的红外望远镜。

英文摘要:

Multiple terrestrial and space-based telescopes have been proposed for detecting and tracking near-Earth objects (NEOs). Detailed simulations of the search performance of these systems have used complex computer codes that are not widely available, which hinders accurate cross-comparison of the proposals and obscures whether they have consistent assumptions. Moreover, some proposed instruments would survey infrared (IR) bands, whereas others would operate in the visible band, and differences among asteroid thermal and visible light models used in the simulations further complicate like-to-like comparisons. I use simple physical principles to estimate basic performance metrics for the ground-based Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and three space-based instruments - Sentinel, NEOCam, and a Cubesat constellation. The performance is measured against two different NEO distributions, the Bottke et al. distribution of general NEOs, and the Veres et al. distribution of Earth impacting NEO. The results of the comparison show simplified relative performance metrics, including the expected number of NEOs visible in the search volumes and the initial detection rates expected for each system. Although these simplified comparisons do not capture all of the details, they give considerable insight into the physical factors limiting performance. Multiple asteroid thermal models are considered, including FRM, NEATM, and a new generalized form of FRM (GFRM). I describe issues with how IR albedo and emissivity have been estimated in previous studies, which may render them inaccurate. A thermal model for tumbling asteroids is also developed and suggests that tumbling asteroids may be surprisingly difficult for IR telescopes to observe.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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