氟化钙表面吸附钍原子系综的钍-229低激发态能带结构和衰变通道
Band structure and decay channels of thorium-229 low-lying isomeric state for ensemble of thorium atoms adsorbed on calcium fluoride
摘要：
本文研究了硝酸钍水溶液在CaF_2表面上的液相原子层沉积所吸附的钍原子的电子结构。用XPS和REELS技术研究了Th/CaF_2体系在CaF_2衬底上表面层中原子的化学状态和能带结构的变化。发现Th/CaF_2体系的REELS谱在低能损区（3-7 eV）有一些峰，而纯CaF_2体系的REELS谱在低能损区（3-7 eV）有一些峰。它的结论是，在REELS光谱中观察到的功能的存在下，与钍原子的化学状态，是由在Th/CaF 2界面处的未补偿的化学键的存在下，因此，由未结合的钍原子的6d-和7s-电子的存在下引起的。假设钍-229和钍-232原子的电子组态是等效的，对钍-229核的激发态通过电子转换通道的时间衰减进行了估算。发现6d电子的弛豫时间约为40 μs，7s电子的弛豫时间约为1 μs。
英文摘要：
The results are presented on the study of the electronic structure of thorium atoms adsorbed by the liquid atomic layer deposition from aqueous solution of thorium nitrate on the surface of CaF2. The chemical state of the atoms and the change of the band structure in the surface layers of Th/CaF2 system on CaF2 substrate were investigated by XPS and REELS techniques. It was found that REELS spectra for Th/CaF2 system include peaks in the region of low energy losses (3-7 eV) which are missing in the similar spectra for pure CaF2. It is concluded that the presence of the observed features in the REELS spectra is associated with the chemical state of thorium atoms and is caused by the presence of uncompensated chemical bonds at the Th/CaF2 interface, and, therefore, by the presence of unbound 6d- and 7s-electrons of thorium atoms. Assuming the equivalence of the electronic configuration of thorium-229 and thorium-232 atoms, an estimate was made on the time decay of the excited state of thorium-229 nuclei through the channel of the electron conversion. It was found that the relaxation time is about 40 μs for 6d-electrons, and about 1 μs for 7s-electrons.
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