毫米波微微小区大阵列的压缩信道估计与跟踪
Compressive channel estimation and tracking for large arrays in mm wave picocells
摘要：
提出并研究了一种用于毫米波微微蜂窝网络中稀疏空间信道估计和跟踪的压缩结构。基站配备有具有大量元件的天线阵列（由于小的载波波长，其可以适合于紧凑的形状因子）并且采用射频（RF）波束成形，使得标准最小二乘自适应技术（其需要访问各个天线元件）不适用。我们专注于下行链路，并表明，“压缩信标”，使用伪随机相位设置在基站阵列发送，并压缩处理，使用伪随机相位设置在移动阵列，提供足够的信息，用于准确估计的二维（2D）空间频率与主射线从基站出发的方向，以及相关的复增益。这种压缩方法与粗略的仅相位控制兼容，并且基于用于频率估计的接近最优的顺序算法，该算法可以利用信道在连续信标间隔上的几何连续性，以将开销降低到小于1%，即使对于非常大的（32 x 32）阵列也是如此。压缩信标基本上是全向的，因此不享受在数据传输期间获得的波束成形的SNR和空间重用益处。因此，我们讨论系统级的设计考虑因素，以确保信标SNR是足够的准确的信道估计，并通过适当的重用方案控制小区间信标干扰。
英文摘要：
We propose and investigate a compressive architecture for estimation and tracking of sparse spatial channels in millimeter (mm) wave picocellular networks. The base stations are equipped with antenna arrays with a large number of elements (which can fit within compact form factors because of the small carrier wavelength) and employ radio frequency (RF) beamforming, so that standard least squares adaptation techniques (which require access to individual antenna elements) are not applicable. We focus on the downlink, and show that "compressive beacons," transmitted using pseudorandom phase settings at the base station array, and compressively processed using pseudorandom phase settings at the mobile array, provide information sufficient for accurate estimation of the two-dimensional (2D) spatial frequencies associated with the directions of departure of the dominant rays from the base station, and the associated complex gains. This compressive approach is compatible with coarse phase-only control, and is based on a near-optimal sequential algorithm for frequency estimation which can exploit the geometric continuity of the channel across successive beaconing intervals to reduce the overhead to less than 1% even for very large (32 x 32) arrays. Compressive beaconing is essentially omnidirectional, and hence does not enjoy the SNR and spatial reuse benefits of beamforming obtained during data transmission. We therefore discuss system level design considerations for ensuring that the beacon SNR is sufficient for accurate channel estimation, and that inter-cell beacon interference is controlled by an appropriate reuse scheme.
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