贝叶斯全证据测年揭示了企鹅最近的冠辐射
Bayesian total evidence dating reveals the recent crown radiation of penguins
摘要：
全证据方法的分歧时间定年使用分子和形态学数据从现存的和化石种〈动〉<动>推断系统发育关系，物种分歧时间，和宏观进化参数在一个单一的连贯框架。目前这种方法的基于模型的实现缺乏一个适当的模型来描述多样化和多样化过程的树，并可能产生导致错误结论的估计。我们通过提供在贝叶斯框架中实现的全证据方法来解决这个缺点。这种方法在描述产生现存和化石分类群树的潜在多样化过程之前使用机械树。以前尝试应用全证据方法使用树先验，不考虑化石样本可能是其他样本的直接祖先的可能性。FBD过程明确地模拟了多样化、重复化和采样过程，并自然地允许采样祖先。该模型最近被应用于估计分歧时间的分子数据和化石出现日期的基础上。我们将FBD模型和形态性状进化模型的贝叶斯全证据方法约会物种的遗传。我们将这种方法应用于现存的和化石的企鹅，并表明，现代企鹅辐射最近比以前估计的，在冠分支发生在12.7马和最分裂导致现存物种发生在过去的200万年的基础分歧。我们的研究结果表明，包括干化石多样性可以大大提高树冠类群的分歧时间的估计。该方法可在BEAST 2（v. 2.4）www.beast2.org中获得，其中包含软件包SA（v.至少1.1.4）和morph-models（v.至少1.0.4）。
英文摘要：
The total-evidence approach to divergence-time dating uses molecular and morphological data from extant and fossil species to infer phylogenetic relationships, species divergence times, and macroevolutionary parameters in a single coherent framework. Current model-based implementations of this approach lack an appropriate model for the tree describing the diversification and fossilization process and can produce estimates that lead to erroneous conclusions. We address this shortcoming by providing a total-evidence method implemented in a Bayesian framework. This approach uses a mechanistic tree prior to describe the underlying diversification process that generated the tree of extant and fossil taxa. Previous attempts to apply the total-evidence approach have used tree priors that do not account for the possibility that fossil samples may be direct ancestors of other samples. The fossilized birth-death (FBD) process explicitly models the diversification, fossilization, and sampling processes and naturally allows for sampled ancestors. This model was recently applied to estimate divergence times based on molecular data and fossil occurrence dates. We incorporate the FBD model and a model of morphological trait evolution into a Bayesian total-evidence approach to dating species phylogenies. We apply this method to extant and fossil penguins and show that the modern penguins radiated much more recently than has been previously estimated, with the basal divergence in the crown clade occurring at ~12.7 Ma and most splits leading to extant species occurring in the last 2 million years. Our results demonstrate that including stem-fossil diversity can greatly improve the estimates of the divergence times of crown taxa. The method is available in BEAST2 (v. 2.4) www.beast2.org with packages SA (v. at least 1.1.4) and morph-models (v. at least 1.0.4).
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
