通过具有电容信号增强的光学反射计沿单根光纤的多路神经记录
Multiplexed Neural Recording Down a Single Optical Fiber via Optical Reflectometry with Capacitive Signal Enhancement
摘要：
我们介绍了一种无造影剂神经记录的光纤结构，并从理论上研究了其性能。我们的传感器设计受到电光调制器的启发，电光调制器通过在电光核心材料上施加电场来调制波导的折射率，并且允许以20 μ m的轴向分辨率记录位于沿着10 cm长的光纤的点处的单个神经元的活动，灵敏度低至100 uV和动态范围高达1V，使用市售的光学反射计作为读出设备。该设计的一个关键概念是通过在纳米级距离上从神经尖峰施加细胞外电压来在光波导内创建“增强”电场的能力。实现这一概念需要使用高介电电容器层。如果能找到合适的材料--在毒性、欧姆结和表面电容方面具有良好的特性--那么原则上，这种传感纤维可以缩小到几微米的横截面，用于微创神经接口。因此，定制设计的多材料光纤，使用反射读数探测，可以为神经传感提供强大的平台。
英文摘要：
We introduce a fiber-optic architecture for neural recording without contrast agents, and study its properties theoretically. Our sensor design is inspired by electrooptic modulators, which modulate the refractive index of a waveguide by applying an electric field across an electrooptic core material, and allows recording of the activities of individual neurons located at points along a 10 cm length of optical fiber with 20 um axial resolution, sensitivity down to 100 uV and a dynamic range of up to 1V using commercially available optical reflectometers as readout devices. A key concept of the design is the ability to create an "intensified" electric field inside an optical waveguide by applying the extracellular voltage from a neural spike over a nanoscopic distance. Implementing this concept requires the use of ultrathin high-dielectric capacitor layers. If suitable materials can be found -- possessing favorable properties with respect to toxicity, ohmic junctions, and surface capacitance -- then such sensing fibers could, in principle, be scaled down to few-micron cross-sections for minimally invasive neural interfacing. Custom-designed multi-material optical fibers, probed using a reflectometric readout, may therefore provide a powerful platform for neural sensing.
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