在保持高灵敏度的同时降低噪声的自由能成本
The free energy cost of reducing noise while maintaining a high sensitivity
摘要：
生命系统需要高度响应，并保持低波动。由于涨落耗散定理（FDT），这些目标在平衡系统中是不相容的。在这里，我们表明，生物感觉系统，驱动远离平衡的自由能消耗，可以减少其内在的波动，同时保持高响应性。通过发展E.大肠杆菌趋化途径的研究表明，适应可以理解为一个由自由能量耗散控制的非平衡相变，其特征在于FDT的打破。我们发现，在短时间内的最大响应增强自由能量耗散。同时，低频波动和自适应误差分别随自由能量耗散呈代数和指数关系减小。
英文摘要：
Living systems need to be highly responsive, and also to keep fluctuations low. These goals are incompatible in equilibrium systems due to the Fluctuation Dissipation Theorem (FDT). Here, we show that biological sensory systems, driven far from equilibrium by free energy consumption, can reduce their intrinsic fluctuations while maintaining high responsiveness. By developing a continuum theory of the E. coli chemotaxis pathway, we demonstrate that adaptation can be understood as a non-equilibrium phase transition controlled by free energy dissipation, and it is characterized by a breaking of the FDT. We show that the maximum response at short time is enhanced by free energy dissipation. At the same time, the low frequency fluctuations and the adaptation error decrease with the free energy dissipation algebraically and exponentially, respectively.
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