真空衰变专题（博士论文）
Topics in vacuum decay (Ph.D Thesis)
摘要：
如果一个理论有不止一个经典稳定的真空，量子隧穿和热跳跃使真空之间的过渡成为可能。转变通过由新真空的气泡的成核开始的一阶相变发生。更真实的真空的向外压力使气泡膨胀，从而侵蚀掉更多的旧相。在引力存在的情况下，这种现象变得更加复杂，同时也更加有趣。它可能会产生重要的宇宙学后果。本文对这种衰变的某些方面进行了研究。与一般使用的O（4）对称性不同的对称性的解决方案进行了研究和计算他们的行动。研究了空间矢量场中的真空衰减，并提出了类似扭结畴壁的新特征。本文研究了势景中真空的稳定性问题，并指出了在大维场中可能存在的不稳定性。最后研究了Einstein-Maxwell理论的紧致化，这可以作为理解任意维数紧致化模型中衰变率的一个很好的实验。
英文摘要：
If a theory has more than one classically stable vacuum, quantum tunneling and thermal jumps make the transition between the vacua possible. The transition happens through a first order phase transition started by nucleation of a bubble of the new vacuum. The outward pressure of the truer vacuum makes the bubble expand and consequently eat away more of the old phase. In the presence of gravity this phenomenon gets more complicated and meanwhile more interesting. It can potentially have important cosmological consequences. Some aspects of this decay are studied in this thesis. Solutions with different symmetry than the generically used O(4) symmetry are studied and their actions calculated. Vacuum decay in a spatial vector field is studied and novel features like kinky domain walls are presented. The question of stability of vacua in a landscape of potentials is studied and the possible instability in large dimension of fields is shown. Finally a compactification of the Einstein-Maxwell theory is studied which can be a good lab to understand the decay rates in compactification models of arbitrary dimensions.
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