突触取样：PSP变异性和不确定性之间的联系解释了神经生理学观察结果
Synaptic sampling: A connection between PSP variability and uncertainty explains neurophysiological observations
摘要：
当动作电位被传递到突触后神经元时，突触后神经元的膜电位发生微小变化。这些微小的变化，被称为突触后电位（PSP），是高度可变的，目前的模型假设这种可变性会破坏噪声。相比之下，我们表明，这种变化可能有一个重要的计算作用：代表一个突触的不确定性的最佳突触权重（即最好的可能设置的突触权重）。我们发现，这种不确定性和可变性之间的联系，我们称之为突触采样，导致更准确的估计任务相关量的不确定性，从而更有效的决策。突触抽样做出了四个预测，所有这些都有一些实验支持。首先，突触的可变性越大，它在LTP协议期间的变化就越大。第二，变异性应该随着睡眠前放电频率的下降而增加。第三，PSP方差应与PSP均值成比例。第四，变异性应该随着离细胞体的距离而增加。我们通过重新分析现有的数据集为前两个预测提供支持，并且我们找到了支持后两个预测的预先存在的数据。
英文摘要：
When an action potential is transmitted to a postsynaptic neuron, a small change in the postsynaptic neuron's membrane potential occurs. These small changes, known as a postsynaptic potentials (PSPs), are highly variable, and current models assume that this variability is corrupting noise. In contrast, we show that this variability could have an important computational role: representing a synapse's uncertainty about the optimal synaptic weight (i.e. the best possible setting for the synaptic weight). We show that this link between uncertainty and variability, that we call synaptic sampling, leads to more accurate estimates of the uncertainty in task relevant quantities, leading to more effective decision making. Synaptic sampling makes four predictions, all of which have some experimental support. First the more variable a synapse is, the more it should change during LTP protocols. Second, variability should increase as the presynpatic firing rate falls. Third, PSP variance should be proportional to PSP mean. Fourth, variability should increase with distance from the cell soma. We provide support for the first two predictions by reanalysing existing datasets, and we find preexisting data in support of the last two predictions.
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