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arXiv 1505.01469cond-mat.soft
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一种无塑性形变的可成形材料

A shapeable material without plastic deformation

Naomi Oppenheimer, Thomas A. Witten

摘要:

随机起皱的纸张具有形状记忆。为了理解这种形式的记忆的基础,我们模拟三角形晶格的弹簧,其长度被改变,以创建一个地形与多个势能最小值。然后,我们将这些晶格变形成不同的形状,并研究它们在能量放松时保持强加形状的能力。晶格能够保持一定范围的曲率。在局部平衡状态下的适度受力下,晶格会变形百分之几,但当力被移除时,晶格会恢复到原来的形状。通过增加强迫直到发生不可逆的运动,我们发现,记忆中的形状之间的过渡显示几个弹簧之间的合作。对于固定的晶格结构,形状记忆倾向于减少晶格扩大,我们提出了通过修改晶格几何形状来对抗这种减少的方法。我们通过移动单个节点来调查能源景观。这些节点中有很大一部分被证明是不稳定的;当能量放松时,它们保持着位移的位置。将晶格弯曲到稳定的弯曲状态会改变双曲节点的模式。我们在其他形式的材料记忆的背景下讨论这种形状,并将其与塑性形变的形状进行对比。我们概述了基于这些原则制造真正材料的前景。

英文摘要:

Randomly crumpled sheets have shape memory. In order to understand the basis of this form of memory, we simulate triangular lattices of springs whose lengths are altered to create a topography with multiple potential energy minima. We then deform these lattices into different shapes and investigate their ability to retain the imposed shape when the energy is relaxed. The lattices are able to retain a range of curvatures. Under moderate forcing from a state of local equilibrium, the lattices deform by several percent but return to their retained shape when the forces are removed. By increasing the forcing until an irreversible motion occurs, we find that the transitions between remembered shapes show co-operativity among several springs. For fixed lattice structures, the shape memory tends to decrease as the lattice is enlarged; we propose ways to counter this decrease by modifying the lattice geometry. We survey the energy landscape by displacing individual nodes. An extensive fraction of these nodes proves to be bistable; they retain their displaced position when the energy is relaxed. Bending the lattice to a stable curved state alters the pattern of bistable nodes. We discuss this shapeability in the context of other forms of material memory and contrast it with the shapeability of plastic deformation. We outline the prospects for making real materials based on these principles.

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