误差修正热力学
Thermodynamics of Error Correction
摘要：
分子尺度上的信息处理受到热涨落的限制。这可能会在复制信息时造成不希望的后果，因为热噪声可能导致可能损害副本功能的错误。例如，DNA复制过程中的高错误率可能导致细胞死亡。鉴于在分子尺度上精确复制的重要性，理解其热力学特征是至关重要的。在本文中，我们推导出一个普遍的表达式的复制错误的函数熵产生和{ \cred功耗散的系统在错误的解释。它的推导是基于热力学第二定律，因此它的有效性与分子机器的细节无关，无论是任何聚合酶还是人工复制设备。使用这个表达式，我们发现信息可以在三种不同的制度中复制。在其中两种情况下，功被耗散以增加或减少误差。在第三种机制中，协议在纠正错误的同时提取工作，让人想起Maxwell恶魔。作为一个案例研究，我们应用我们的框架来研究一个复制协议的动力学校对辅助，并表明它可以在这三个制度。我们最后表明，任何有效的校对计划，减少错误是有限的化学驱动的校对反应。
英文摘要：
Information processing at the molecular scale is limited by thermal fluctuations. This can cause undesired consequences in copying information since thermal noise can lead to errors that can compromise the functionality of the copy. For example, a high error rate during DNA duplication can lead to cell death. Given the importance of accurate copying at the molecular scale, it is fundamental to understand its thermodynamic features. In this paper, we derive a universal expression for the copy error as a function of entropy production and {\cred work dissipated by the system during wrong incorporations}. Its derivation is based on the second law of thermodynamics, hence its validity is independent of the details of the molecular machinery, be it any polymerase or artificial copying device. Using this expression, we find that information can be copied in three different regimes. In two of them, work is dissipated to either increase or decrease the error. In the third regime, the protocol extracts work while correcting errors, reminiscent of a Maxwell demon. As a case study, we apply our framework to study a copy protocol assisted by kinetic proofreading, and show that it can operate in any of these three regimes. We finally show that, for any effective proofreading scheme, error reduction is limited by the chemical driving of the proofreading reaction.
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