空间扭曲II。通过公民科学发现的来自CFHTLS的新引力透镜候选者
Space Warps II. New Gravitational Lens Candidates from the CFHTLS Discovered through Citizen Science
摘要：
我们报告了CFHT遗产调查（CFHTLS）中发现的29个有前途的（总共59个）新镜头候选者，这些镜头是基于公民科学家进行的约1100万个分类，作为第一次空间扭曲镜头搜索的一部分。盲透镜搜索的目标是识别机器人错过的透镜候选者（星系尺度上的Ringlens和集团/集群尺度上的Arclens），这些机器人以前曾用于挖掘CFHTLS的透镜。我们将这些算法检测到的样本的一些属性与空间扭曲样本进行比较，发现它们大致相似。从空间扭曲样本计算的图像分离分布表明，以前对透镜星系平均密度分布的约束是鲁棒的。SpaceWarps回收了约65%的已知镜头，而新的候选镜头与两个机器人发现的镜头相比显示出更丰富的多样性。仅使用专家志愿者进行的分类，检测率可以提高到80%（尽管纯度较低），这表明公民科学家的培训和性能校准对于空间扭曲的成功非常重要。在这项工作中，我们提出了SIMCT流水线，用于在现场生成一个真实的模拟透镜图像的样本。该训练样本以及在检索期间识别的假阳性对于测试未来镜片查找算法具有传统价值。我们公开了管道和训练集。
英文摘要：
We report the discovery of 29 promising (and 59 total) new lens candidates from the CFHT Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) based on about 11 million classifications performed by citizen scientists as part of the first Space Warps lens search. The goal of the blind lens search was to identify lens candidates missed by robots (the RingFinder on galaxy scales and ArcFinder on group/cluster scales) which had been previously used to mine the CFHTLS for lenses. We compare some properties of the samples detected by these algorithms to the Space Warps sample and find them to be broadly similar. The image separation distribution calculated from the Space Warps sample shows that previous constraints on the average density profile of lens galaxies are robust. SpaceWarps recovers about 65% of known lenses, while the new candidates show a richer variety compared to those found by the two robots. This detection rate could be increased to 80% by only using classifications performed by expert volunteers (albeit at the cost of a lower purity), indicating that the training and performance calibration of the citizen scientists is very important for the success of Space Warps. In this work we present the SIMCT pipeline, used for generating in situ a sample of realistic simulated lensed images. This training sample, along with the false positives identified during the search, has a legacy value for testing future lens finding algorithms. We make the pipeline and the training set publicly available.
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