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arXiv 1504.02538astro-ph.SR
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用高分辨率光谱数据诊断Ellerman弹

Diagnostics of Ellerman Bombs with High-resolution Spectral Data

Z. Li, C. Fang, Y. Guo, P. F. Chen, Z. Xu, W. Cao

摘要:

埃勒曼炸弹(EB)是经常在太阳黑子附近观察到的微小增亮物。EB光谱最令人印象深刻的特征是H $α$和\ion{Ca}{II} 8542谱线两翼的两个发射突起。2013年6月6日,大熊座太阳天文台最大的太阳望远镜--1.6米的新太阳望远镜(NST)获得了三个小EB的高分辨率光谱数据。分析了这些电子束的特点。EB的大小在0.3 \arcsec \--0.8 \arcsec \的范围内,其持续时间仅为3--5分钟。我们的半经验大气模式表明,加热发生在温度最低区附近,温度升高2700- 3000 K,这比以前认为的要高得多。辐射能和动能估计高达5 $\times$ 10 $^{25}$ --3.0 $\times$ 10 $^{26}$尔格,尽管这些EB的尺寸很小。对磁场的观测表明,电磁体只出现在一个混合极性的寄生区,并伴有质量运动。非线性无力场外推表明,这三个EB与一系列与秃斑有关的磁场相连,这强烈暗示这些EB应该是由太阳低层大气中的磁重联产生的。根据光变曲线和估算的磁重联率,我们提出了EBs的三个阶段过程:预热阶段、耀斑阶段和冷却阶段。

英文摘要:

Ellerman bombs (EBs) are tiny brightenings often observed near sunspots. The most impressive characteristic of the EB spectra is the two emission bumps in both wings of the H$α$ and \ion{Ca}{II} 8542 Å lines. High-resolution spectral data of three small EBs were obtained on 2013 June 6 with the largest solar telescope, the 1.6 meter New Solar Telescope (NST), at the Big Bear Solar Observatory. The characteristics of these EBs are analyzed. The sizes of the EBs are in the range of 0.3\arcsec\--0.8\arcsec\ and their durations are only 3--5 minutes. Our semi-empirical atmospheric models indicate that the heating occurs around the temperature minimum region with a temperature increase of 2700--3000 K, which is surprisingly higher than previously thought. The radiative and kinetic energies are estimated to be as high as 5$\times$10$^{25}$--3.0$\times$10$^{26}$ ergs despite the small size of these EBs. Observations of the magnetic field show that the EBs appeared just in a parasitic region with mixed polarities and accompanied by mass motions. Nonlinear force-free field extrapolation reveals that the three EBs are connected with a series of magnetic field lines associated with bald patches, which strongly implies that these EBs should be produced by magnetic reconnection in the solar lower atmosphere. According to the lightcurves and the estimated magnetic reconnection rate, we propose that there is a three phase process in EBs: pre-heating, flaring and cooling phases.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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