等待罕见的熵波动
Waiting for rare entropic fluctuations
摘要：
近年来，在大偏差、累积量和涨落关系的背景下，各种随机变量（如功和熵产生）的非平衡涨落得到了广泛的讨论。通常情况下，人们会在固定的时间内观察这些观测值的分布。为了表征过程的精确随机性质，我们在这里讨论时域中的分布。特别是，我们专注于首次通过时间分布（FPTD）的熵产生，在几个现实的模型。我们发现涨落关系的对称性对得到典型的渐近行为起着至关重要的作用。简单的随机游走图片的异同进行了讨论。对于一个被驱动的粒子在环形几何形状，平均停留时间连接到粒子电流和稳态分布，它导致的波动关系式对称的FPTD。
英文摘要：
Non-equilibrium fluctuations of various stochastic variables, such as work and entropy production, have been widely discussed recently in the context of large deviations, cumulants and fluctuation relations. Typically, one looks at the distribution of these observables, at large fixed time. To characterize the precise stochastic nature of the process, we here address the distribution in the time domain. In particular, we focus on the first passage time distribution (FPTD) of entropy production, in several realistic models. We find that the fluctuation relation symmetry plays a crucial role in getting the typical asymptotic behavior. Similarities and differences to the simple random walk picture are discussed. For a driven particle in the ring geometry, the mean residence time is connected to the particle current and the steady state distribution, and it leads to a fluctuation relation-like symmetry in terms of the FPTD.
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