在再电离时期最明亮的Lyman- $α$发射体中PopIII-like恒星星族的证据：光谱学证实
Evidence for PopIII-like stellar populations in the most luminous Lyman-$α$ emitters at the epoch of re-ionisation: spectroscopic confirmation
摘要：
微弱的Lyman-$α$（Ly $α$）发射体朝向再电离时期（z~6-7）变得越来越稀少。然而，在z=6.6处进行的非常大的（~ 5 deg $^2$）Ly $α$调查（Matthee等人，2015年）的观测结果表明，对于最明亮的发射体来说，情况并非如此。在这里，我们提出了在COSMOS领域的两个最明亮的z~6.6 Ly $α$候选者的后续观测：'MASOSA'和'CR 7'。我们使用了X-SHOOTER、SINFONI和FORS 2（VLT）以及DEIMOS（Keck）来毫无疑问地确认这两个候选人。MASOSA和CR 7的红移分别为z=6.541和z=6.604。MASOSA在线宽为$386\pm30$ km/s（FWHM）且EW $_0$较高（>200 nm）的Ly $α$中具有较强的检测能力，但在连续谱中未检测到。CR 7，观察到的Ly $α$光度为$10^{43.93\pm0.05}$ erg/s，是在z>6时发现的最亮的Ly $α$发射体。CR 7揭示了具有$266\pm15$ km/s FWHM的窄Ly $α$线，在NIR（静止帧UV，具有$β=-2.3\pm0.1$）中检测到，在$J$中过量，并且在IRAC/Spitzer中也强烈检测到。我们检测到一条窄的HeII 1640 $Å$发射线（$6σ$），这解释了在$J$波段光度测定（EW $_0$ ~80 nm）中看到的过量。在我们的X-SHOOTER光谱中没有发现从UV到NIR的其他发射线（HeII/OIII] 1663 A>3和HeII/CIII] 1908 A>2.5）。我们发现，CR 7是最好的解释相结合的PopIII类人口占主导地位的休息帧紫外线和星云的排放，和一个更正常的恒星人口占主导地位的质量。HST/WFC 3观测表明，光确实在空间上分离在一个非常蓝色的分量（与Ly $α$和HeII发射一致）和两个红色分量（约5 kpc远）之间，这两个分量占主导地位。我们的研究结果是一致的PopIII波的理论预测，与PopIII恒星形成迁移远离恒星形成的原始网站。
英文摘要：
Faint Lyman-$α$ (Ly$α$) emitters become increasingly rarer towards the re-ionisation epoch (z~6-7). However, observations from a very large (~5deg$^2$) Ly$α$ survey at z=6.6 (Matthee et al. 2015) show that this is not the case for the most luminous emitters. Here we present follow-up observations of the two most luminous z~6.6 Ly$α$ candidates in the COSMOS field: `MASOSA' and `CR7'. We used X-SHOOTER, SINFONI and FORS2 (VLT), and DEIMOS (Keck), to confirm both candidates beyond any doubt. We find redshifts of z=6.541 and z=6.604 for MASOSA and CR7, respectively. MASOSA has a strong detection in Ly$α$ with a line width of $386\pm30$ km/s (FWHM) and with high EW$_0$ (>200 Å), but it is undetected in the continuum. CR7, with an observed Ly$α$ luminosity of $10^{43.93\pm0.05}$erg/s is the most luminous Ly$α$ emitter ever found at z>6. CR7 reveals a narrow Ly$α$ line with $266\pm15$ km/s FWHM, being detected in the NIR (rest-frame UV, with $β=-2.3\pm0.1$) with an excess in $J$, and also strongly detected in IRAC/Spitzer. We detect a narrow HeII1640$Å$ emission line ($6σ$) which explains the excess seen in the $J$ band photometry (EW$_0$~80 Å). We find no other emission lines from the UV to the NIR in our X-SHOOTER spectra (HeII/OIII]1663A>3 and HeII/CIII]1908A>2.5). We find that CR7 is best explained by a combination of a PopIII-like population which dominates the rest-frame UV and the nebular emission, and a more normal stellar population which dominates the mass. HST/WFC3 observations show that the light is indeed spatially separated between a very blue component, coincident with Ly$α$ and HeII emission, and two red components (~5 kpc away), which dominate the mass. Our findings are consistent with theoretical predictions of a PopIII wave, with PopIII star formation migrating away from the original sites of star formation.
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