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arXiv 1504.00832cs.NI
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基于集合覆盖的无线传感器网络时延受限中继节点近似算法

Set Covering-based Approximation Algorithm for Delay Constrained Relay Node Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks

Chaofan Ma, Wei Liang, Meng Zheng

摘要:

无线传感器网络中的时延约束中继节点配置(DCRNP)问题旨在部署最少的中继节点,使得每个传感器节点都有一条路径将该传感器节点连接到sink,而不违反时延约束。随着无线传感器网络在时间要求严格的应用中的应用,DCRNP问题的重要性变得引人注目。针对DCRNP问题的NP难性质,提出了一种基于集合覆盖的中继节点放置(SCA)的近似算法来求解DCRNP问题。所提出的SCA算法以跳数从汇聚节点到给定传感器节点迭代部署中继节点,即,在第$k$次迭代中,SCA将中继节点部署在与宿相距$k$跳的位置处。具体来说,在每次迭代中,SCA首先找到位于1跳内的中继节点和传感器节点的候选部署位置,这些节点已经连接到sink。然后,基于集合覆盖方法,从这些候选部署位置中选择一个子集来部署中继节点,该子集能够保证在时延约束内存在连接未连接传感器节点到sink的路径.在SCA算法的迭代过程中,传感器节点在满足时延约束的情况下逐渐连接到sink节点。详细分析了SCA算法的逼近比,并通过严格的时间复杂度分析证明了SCA算法是一个多项式时间算法。为了评估所提出的SCA算法的性能,进行了大量的仿真,仿真结果表明,SCA算法可以显着节省部署的中继节点相比,现有的算法,即,SCA算法最多可节省31.48%的中继节点。

英文摘要:

The Delay Constrained Relay Node Placement (DCRNP) problem in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) aims to deploy minimum relay nodes such that for each sensor node there is a path connecting this sensor node to the sink without violating delay constraint. As WSNs are gradually employed in time-critical applications, the importance of the DCRNP problem becomes noticeable. For the NP-hard nature of DCRNP problem, an approximation algorithm-Set-Covering-based Relay Node Placement (SCA) is proposed to solve the DCRNP problem in this paper. The proposed SCA algorithm deploys relay nodes iteratively from sink to the given sensor nodes in hops, i.e., in the $k$th iteration SCA deploys relay nodes at the locations that are $k$ hops apart from the sink. Specifically, in each iteration, SCA first finds the candidate deployment locations located within 1 hop to the relay nodes and sensor nodes, which have already been connected to the sink. Then, a subset of these candidate deployment locations, which can guarantee the existence of paths connecting unconnected sensor nodes to the sink within delay constraint, is selected to deploy relay nodes based on the set covering method. As the iteration of SCA algorithm, the sensor nodes are gradually connected to the sink with satisfying delay constraint. The elaborated analysis of the approximation ratio of SCA algorithm is given out, and we also prove that the SCA is a polynomial time algorithm through rigorous time complexity analysis. To evaluate the performance of the proposed SCA algorithm, extensive simulations are implemented, and the simulation results show that the SCA algorithm can significantly save the deployed relay nodes comparing to the existing algorithms, i.e., at most 31.48% deployed relay nodes can be saved due to SCA algorithm.

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