三维空间种群遗传学中的临界适应度坍缩
Critical Fitness Collapse in Three-Dimensional Spatial Population Genetics
摘要：
如果在一个空间分布的群体中，接近适应度最大值的有害突变足够频繁或有害，那么该群体可能会经历适应度崩溃，类似于混合良好的群体中的穆勒棘轮效应。一维生境的最新研究（例如，二维范围扩展的边界）已经表明，适合度崩溃的开始由具有其相关临界指数的定向渗透相变来描述。我们考虑了三维范围扩展中的种群适应度崩溃，其中既有膨胀边界，也有固定大小的边界（适用于，例如，分别为扩张和扩张性球形肿瘤）。我们发现，在这两种情况下的健身崩溃的发病服从不同的标度律，物种之间的竞争在前线导致偏离定向渗滤标度。就像在二维范围扩展中一样，膨胀边界通过因果地断开种群中分离良好的部分来修改临界行为。
英文摘要：
If deleterious mutations near a fitness maximum in a spatially distributed population are sufficiently frequent or detrimental, the population can undergo a fitness collapse, similarly to the Muller's ratchet effect in well-mixed populations. Recent studies of one-dimensional habitats (e.g., the frontier of a two-dimensional range expansion) have shown that the onset of the fitness collapse is described by a directed percolation phase transition with its associated critical exponents. We consider population fitness collapse in three-dimensional range expansions with both inflating and fixed-size frontiers (applicable to, e.g., expanding and treadmilling spherical tumors, respectively). We find that the onset of fitness collapse in these two cases obeys different scaling laws, and that competition between species at the frontier leads to a deviation from directed percolation scaling. As in two-dimensional range expansions, inflating frontiers modify the critical behavior by causally disconnecting well-separated portions of the population.
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