爆破诱导血脑屏障破坏的计算与体外研究
Computational and in vitro studies of blast-induced blood-brain barrier disruption
AI总结：
研究通过体外模型和计算方法探讨爆破冲击波对血脑屏障的影响，发现血脑屏障完整性与冲击波强度相关，揭示了可能的损伤机制。
摘要：
研究表明，爆破冲击波对血脑屏障的影响通过体外模型和计算方法进行探讨，发现血脑屏障的完整性与冲击波强度直接相关，揭示了可能的损伤机制。通过在转瓶中培养血脑屏障内皮细胞并暴露于冲击管中，确认了血脑屏障完整性与冲击波强度之间的关系。由于在转瓶容器中直接测量这些细胞所受的力具有挑战性，因此开发并展示了用于此目的的计算工具。使用二维轴对称欧拉方程和塔曼方程状态方程来建模转瓶材料，并基于黎曼求解器和Clawpack软件的高分辨率有限体积方法来求解这些方程，在混合欧拉-拉格朗日框架中进行求解。结果表明，转瓶的几何形状在这些实验中观察到的压力时间序列中起着重要作用。我们还发现，由于反射和衍射冲击波的相互作用，压力可能低于蒸汽压力，这表明空化气泡可能是损伤机制。包括在转瓶中插入模拟水听器的计算表明，仪器本身可能显著改变爆破波的特性。这些发现说明了进一步进行计算建模研究的必要性，以理解可能的爆破诱导血脑屏障损伤。
英文摘要：
There is growing concern that blast-exposed individuals are at risk of developing neurological disorders later in life. Therefore, it is important to understand the dynamic properties of blast forces on brain cells, including the endothelial cells that maintain the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which regulates the passage of nutrients into the brain and protects it from toxins in the blood. To better understand the effect of shock waves on the BBB we have investigated an {\em in vitro} model in which BBB endothelial cells are grown in transwell vessels and exposed in a shock tube, confirming that BBB integrity is directly related to shock wave intensity. It is difficult to directly measure the forces acting on these cells in the transwell container during the experiments, and so a computational tool has been developed and presented in this paper. Two-dimensional axisymmetric Euler equations with the Tammann equation of state were used to model the transwell materials, and a high-resolution finite volume method based on Riemann solvers and the Clawpack software was used to solve these equations in a mixed Eulerian/Lagrangian frame. Results indicated that the geometry of the transwell plays a significant role in the observed pressure time series in these experiments. We also found that pressures can fall below vapor pressure due to the interaction of reflecting and diffracting shock waves, suggesting that cavitation bubbles could be a damage mechanism. Computations that include a simulated hydrophone inserted in the transwell suggest that the instrument itself could significantly alter blast wave properties. These findings illustrate the need for further computational modeling studies aimed at understanding possible blast-induced BBB damage.
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