在单个量子系统中实时监控Lévy航班
Real-time monitoring of Lévy flights in a single quantum system
摘要：
Lévy飞行是随机游动，其中动力学由罕见事件主导。尽管它们已经在截然不同的物理系统中进行了研究，但它们在单个量子系统中的观察仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们分析了一个周期性驱动的开放式中心自旋系统，并从理论上证明了自旋环境的动力学表现出Lévy飞行。对于在周期共振激光脉冲驱动下的单电子带电量子点中的具体实现，我们使用蒙特卡罗模拟证实了连续核自旋翻转事件之间的长等待时间服从幂律分布，相应的指数$η=-3/2$可以通过观察连续光子发射事件的等待时间分布直接实时测量。值得注意的是，由核四极耦合引起的该方案的主要固有限制可以通过调节磁场或通过实施自旋回波来最小化。
英文摘要：
Lévy flights are random walks where the dynamics is dominated by rare events. Even though they have been studied in vastly different physical systems, their observation in a single quantum system has remained elusive. Here we analyze a periodically driven open central spin system and demonstrate theoretically that the dynamics of the spin environment exhibits Lévy flights. For the particular realization in a single-electron charged quantum dot driven by periodic resonant laser pulses, we use Monte Carlo simulations to confirm that the long waiting times between successive nuclear spin flip events are governed by a power-law distribution; the corresponding exponent $η=-3/2$ can be directly measured in real-time by observing the waiting time distribution of successive photon emission events. Remarkably, the dominant intrinsic limitation of the scheme arising from nuclear quadrupole coupling can be minimized by adjusting the magnetic field or by implementing spin echo.
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