普朗克中间结果。XXVII。由普朗克发现并由赫歇尔-SPIRE证实的高红移红外星系超密度候选者和透镜源
Planck intermediate results. XXVII. High-redshift infrared galaxy overdensity candidates and lensed sources discovered by Planck and confirmed by Herschel-SPIRE
摘要：
[摘要]我们使用普朗克全天空亚毫米和毫米图来寻找罕见的来源，这些来源以极端亮度为特征，几百mJy，以及它们位于高红移的潜力。这些“冷”普朗克源，使用高频仪器（HFI）直接从地图和普朗克致密源目录（PCCS）中选择，都满足其静止帧远红外峰红移到353和857 GHz频率范围的标准。这种颜色选择有利于红移范围z=2-4的星系，我们认为这是宇宙红外背景（CIB）中的冷峰。我们执行一个专门的赫歇尔-SPIRE后续的234个这样的普朗克目标，发现一个显着过剩的红色350和500微米的来源，在比较参考SPIRE字段。普朗克场中大约94%的SPIRE源与峰值在350 μ m的星系超密度一致。大约3%是候选的透镜系统，其中所有12个都有安全的光谱确认，使它们的红移z>2.2。星系超密度的检测具有很高的意义，一半的样本显示出10西格玛以上的统计学意义。超密度星系的SPIRE光度红移表明在z~2处有一个峰值。在Td= 35 K的假设下，我们推导出每个SPIRE源的红外（IR）光度约为4 × 10^12 Lsun，从而得出恒星形成速率通常为700 Msun·yr^-1。如果观测到的超密度是实际的引力束缚结构，那么总的恒星形成速率将达到7 × 10^3 Msun·yr^-1。综合起来，这些来源显示了强烈的恒星形成星系的高z（z>$）原星团的特征。所有这些观测结果证实了我们的样本的独特性，并证明了全天空普朗克-HFI冷源选择宇宙学和天体物理学感兴趣的结构形成研究的人口的能力。
英文摘要：
[Abridged] We use the Planck all-sky submm and mm maps to search for rare sources distinguished by extreme brightness, a few hundreds of mJy, and their potential for being situated at high redshift. These "cold" Planck sources, selected using the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) directly from the maps and from the Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources (PCCS), all satisfy the criterion of having their rest-frame far-infrared peak redshifted to the frequency range 353 and 857 GHz. This colour-selection favours galaxies in the redshift range z=2-4, which we consider as cold peaks in the cosmic infrared background (CIB). We perform a dedicated Herschel-SPIRE follow-up of 234 such Planck targets, finding a significant excess of red 350 and 500um sources, in comparison to reference SPIRE fields. About 94% of the SPIRE sources in the Planck fields are consistent with being overdensities of galaxies peaking at 350um. About 3% are candidate lensed systems, all 12 of which have secure spectroscopic confirmations, placing them at redshifts z>2.2. The galaxy overdensities are detected with high significance, half of the sample showing statistical significance above 10sigma. The SPIRE photometric redshifts of galaxies in overdensities suggest a peak at z~2. Under the Td=35K assumption, we derive an infrared (IR) luminosity for each SPIRE source of about 4x10^12 Lsun, yielding star formation rates of typically 700 Msun.yr^-1. If the observed overdensities are actual gravitationally-bound structures, the total total star formation rates reaches 7x10^3 Msun.yr^-1. Taken together, these sources show the signatures of high-z (z>$) protoclusters of intensively star-forming galaxies. All these observations confirm the uniqueness of our sample and demonstrate the ability of the all-sky Planck-HFI cold sources to select populations of cosmological and astrophysical interest for structure formation studies.
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