时间反演对称性的自发破缺
Spontaneous breakdown of the time reversal symmetry
摘要：
利用闭合时间路径方法研究了环境初始条件在有效理论的时间反演对称性破缺和软不可逆性产生中的作用。初始条件以平凡的方式打破了运动方程解的时间反演对称性。当考虑开放系统时，环境的初始条件必须包含在有效动力学中。这是通过一个广义的$ε$ -处方，其中非均匀收敛的限制$ε\to0$留下一个自发击穿的时间反演对称性。
英文摘要：
The role of the environment initial conditions in the breaking of the time reversal symmetry of effective theories and in generating the soft irreversibility is studied by the help of Closed Time Path formalism. The initial conditions break the time reversal symmetry of the solution of the equation of motion in a trivial manner. When open systems are considered then the initial conditions of the environment must be included in the effective dynamics. This is achieved by means of a generalized $ε$-prescription where the non-uniform convergence of the limit $ε\to0$ leaves behind a spontaneous breakdown of the time reversal symmetry.
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