超流$^{3}$ He中纯量子Turbulence的可视化：Andreev反射及其光谱性质
Visualizing Pure Quantum Turbulence in Superfluid $^{3}$He: Andreev Reflection and its Spectral Properties
摘要：
零温极限下的超流$^3$ He-B通过涡旋流场对准粒子激发的Andreev反射提供了研究量子湍流的独特手段。我们验证了实验可视化的湍流在$^3$ He-B的涡线密度和Andreev反射率之间的关系，在Andreev反射率的第一次模拟中，由一个现实的三维涡缠结，并比较结果与第一次实验测量能够探测量子湍流的长度尺度小于涡间分离。
英文摘要：
Superfluid $^3$He-B in the zero-temperature limit offers a unique means of studying quantum turbulence by the Andreev reflection of quasiparticle excitations by the vortex flow fields. We validate the experimental visualization of turbulence in $^3$He-B by showing the relation between the vortex-line density and the Andreev reflectance of the vortex tangle in the first simulations of the Andreev reflectance by a realistic 3D vortex tangle, and comparing the results with the first experimental measurements able to probe quantum turbulence on length scales smaller than the inter-vortex separation.
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