暗物质，广义相对论预测能力的新证明
Dark matter, a new proof of the predictive power of general relativity
摘要：
如果没有观测或理论上的修正，牛顿和广义相对论似乎无法解释宇宙大结构的引力行为。暗物质的假设解决了这个问题，而不需要修改理论。但这意味着宇宙中的大部分物质必须是不可观测的物质。另一个解决办法是修改引力定律。在这篇文章中，我们研究了第三种方法，它不改变引力，也不改变物质的分布，通过使用一个新的物理假设的集群。与牛顿引力理论相比，广义相对论（在其线性化近似下）在不改变引力场的情况下引入了一个新的分量。我们已经知道，星系的这个分量太小，无法解释暗物质。但我们将看到星系团可以产生一个重要的组成部分，并嵌入宇宙的大结构。我们表明，这种嵌入分量的大小足够小，与目前的实验结果一致，在我们的尺度下无法检测到，但在星系的尺度下可以检测到，并解释了暗物质，特别是星系的旋转速度，矮卫星星系的旋转速度，星系内暗物质的预期数量和宇宙微波背景下测量的暗物质参数PDMATHABMM_dm的预期实验值。这个解决方案意味着可检验的结果，使它区别于其他理论：暗物质随离星系团中心的距离而减少，靠近星系团中心的星系有大量的暗物质，没有暗物质的星系孤立，矮卫星星系在靠近超银道面的平面内运动，两个靠近的星系团自旋矢量取向接近，在同一个半空间中同一个星系团的几乎所有星系的自旋矢量的方向，存在非常罕见的星系，其盘的两个部分以相反的方向旋转.
英文摘要：
Without observational or theoretical modifications, Newtonian and general relativity seem to be unable to explain gravitational behavior of large structure of the universe. The assumption of dark matter solves this problem without modifying theories. But it implies that most of the matter in the universe must be unobserved matter. Another solution is to modify gravitation laws. In this article, we study a third way that doesn't modify gravitation neither matter's distribution, by using a new physical assumption on the clusters. Compare with Newtonian gravitation, general relativity (in its linearized approximation) leads to add a new component without changing the gravity field. As already known, this component for galaxies is too small to explain dark matter. But we will see that the galaxies' clusters can generate a significant component and embed large structure of universe. We show that the magnitude of this embedding component is small enough to be in agreement with current experimental results, undetectable at our scale, but detectable at the scale of the galaxies and explain dark matter, in particular the rotation speed of galaxies, the rotation speed of dwarf satellite galaxies, the expected quantity of dark matter inside galaxies and the expected experimental values of parameters $Ω$\_dm of dark matter measured in CMB. This solution implies testable consequences that differentiate it from other theories: decreasing dark matter with the distance to the cluster's center, large quantity of dark matter for galaxies close to the cluster's center, isolation of galaxies without dark matter, movement of dwarf satellite galaxies in planes close to the supergalactic plane, close orientations of spin's vectors of two close clusters, orientation of nearly all the spin's vector of galaxies of a same cluster in a same half-space, existence of very rare galaxies with two portions of their disk that rotate in opposite directions...
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