优化辐射门极探测器的中子环境：计算优化研究
Optimising the neutron environment of Radiation Portal Monitors: a computational optimisation study
摘要：
有效和可靠地探测放射性或核威胁是国家和国际防止恐怖主义活动努力的一个关键部分。在世界各地部署的辐射门探测器，旨在通过探测中子和伽马射线的发射来拦截走私的裂变材料。然而，考虑到威胁源的范围和种类，车辆和屏蔽场景，以及只有一个小的签名存在，重要的是RPM的设计允许这些签名从环境背景中准确区分。使用蒙特卡罗中子输运模拟模型氦-3探测器系统，我们进行了参数研究，以确定最佳的组合，最大限度地提高灵敏度的RPM的探测器屏蔽和准直。这些结构，可以简单地和具有成本效益地添加到现有的RPM，可以提高探测器的响应超过一个因素的两个相对于未修改的，裸露的设计。此外，优化氦气管周围的气隙也提高了探测器效率。
英文摘要：
Efficient and reliable detection of radiological or nuclear threats is a crucial part of national and international efforts to prevent terrorist activities. Radiation Portal Monitors (RPMs), which are deployed worldwide, are intended to interdict smuggled fissile material by detecting emissions of neutrons and gamma rays. However, considering the range and variety of threat sources, vehicular and shielding scenarios, and that only a small signature is present, it is important that the design of the RPMs allows these signatures to be accurately differentiated from the environmental background. Using Monte-Carlo neutron-transport simulations of a model helium-3 detector system we have conducted a parameter study to identify the optimum combination of detector shielding and collimation that maximises the sensitivity of RPMs. These structures, which could be simply and cost-effectively added to existing RPMs, can improve the detector response by more than a factor of two relative to an unmodified, bare design. Furthermore, optimisation of the air gap surrounding the helium tubes also improves detector efficiency.
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