Jean-Paul Blaizot, Jinfeng Liao
We derive the set of kinetic equations that control the evolution of gluons in the presence of a condensate. We show that the dominant singularities remain logarithmic when the scattering involves particles in the condensate. This allows us to define a consistent small angle approximation.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
继续探索
A calculation of the thermal quark propagator is presented taking the gluon condensate above the critical temperature into account. The quark dispersion relation following from this propagator is derived.
The gluon condensate as a function of temperature and baryon density in a nucleon medium is obtained from an effective dilaton Lagrangian. It is shown that, at a normal nuclear density of nucleons, n_0 = 0.17 fm^{-3} the gluon condensate decreases by about 10%.
We present a calculation of the thermal quark propagator taking the gluon condensate above the critical temperature into account. The quark dispersion relation following from this propagator, describing two massive modes, is discussed.
The Gluon Condensate and Running Coupling of QCD
给出了量子电动力学中光子凝聚的一个表达式，并推广到胶子凝聚与量子色动力学运行耦合常数之间的一个简单关系。在定义的凝聚的歧义进行了讨论。本文还将文献中某些Ansätze计算的运行耦合下的胶子凝聚值与QCD求和规则计算的胶子凝聚值进行了比较。
Within a self-consistent proper-time Renormalization Group (RG) approach we investigate an effective QCD trace anomaly realization with dilatons and determine the finite-temperature behavior of the gluon condensate. Fixing the effective model at vanishing temperature to the glueball mass and the bag constant a possible gluonic phase transition is explored in detail. Within the RG framework the full non-truncated dilaton potential analysis is compared with a truncated potential version.
We calculate the dimension two gluon condensate contribution to quark, gluon and ghost propagators at finite temperature.
A calculation of the thermal quark propagator is presented taking the gluon condensate above the critical temperature into account. The quark dispersion relation and the dilepton production following from this propagator are derived.
Lattice simulations along with studies in continuum QCD indicate that non-perturbative quantum fluctuations lead to an infrared regularisation of the gluon propagator in covariant gauges in the form of an effective mass-like behaviour. In the present work we propose an analytic understanding of this phenomenon in terms of gluon condensation through a dynamical version of the Higgs mechanism, leading to the emergence of color condensates. Within the functional renormalisation group approach we compute the effective potential of covariantly constant field strengths, whose non-trivial minimum is …
Gluon condensate effects on heavy quarkonium spectral functions and thermal dissociation
研究采用改进的软墙AdS/QCD模型，发现胶子凝聚可阻碍重夸克偶素在夸克胶子等离子体中的热解离，为其稳定作用提供了新全息证据。
We propose a clear definition of the gluon condensate within the large-$β_0$ approximation as an attempt toward a systematic argument on the gluon condensate. We define the gluon condensate such that it is free from a renormalon uncertainty, consistent with the renormalization scale independence of each term of the operator product expansion (OPE), and an identical object irrespective of observables. The renormalon uncertainty of $\mathcal{O}(Λ^4)$, which renders the gluon condensate ambiguous, is separated from a perturbative calculation by using a recently suggested analytic formulation. The…
We evaluate the quark-photon vertex non-perturbatively taking into account the gluon condensate at finite temperature. This vertex is related to the previously derived effective quark propagator by a QED like Ward-Takahashi identity. The importance of the effective vertex for the dilepton production rate from a quark-gluon plasma is stressed.
We establish a novel method of obtaining the gauge-invariant bilocal condensate of gluon fields from the solutions of the Dyson--Schwinger equations (DSE) which works in the infrared and ultraviolet limits. We present explicit results for SU(3) case in four dimensions, and compare to other related analytical and lattice results.
The relation between the large mass of the $η'$ and the structure of the gluon vacuum via the $U_A(1)$ anomaly is discussed. A squeezed gluon vacuum is considered as an alternative to existing models. Considering Witten's formula for the $η_0$ mass we show that the contact term can give a sizable contribution and relate it to the physical gluon condensate. The values of the gluon condensate obtained through this relation are compared with the value by Shifman, Vainshtein and Zakharov and the recent update values by Narison.
Using the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model, we study the density dependence of the quark and gluon condensates in nuclear matter. We show that the change of the quark condensate is mainly driven by the scalar field in the medium and that the reduction of the quark condensate is suppressed at high density, even in the mean-field approximation. The gluon condensate decreases by 4 - 6 % at nuclear saturation density. We also give a simple relationship between the change of the quark condensate and that of a hadron mass in the medium.
A calculation of the thermal quark propagator is presented taking the gluon condensate above the critical temperature into account. The quark dispersion relation following from this propagator is derived.
The electric screening mass of the gluon at finite temperature is estimated by considering the gluon condensate above the critical temperature. We find that the thermal gluons acquire an electric mass of order T due to the gluon condensate.
The aim of this work is to study the holographic dual to the gauge theory with a nonzero gluon condensate. We check for consistency the holographic way of describing the condensate and calculate the expectation value of a small Wilson loop in the presence of the gluon condensate, thus obtaining the relevant coefficient in the operator product expansion of the small loop in different holographic models. We also study the effect of the condensate on the Gross-Ooguri phase transition in the correlator of two circular Wilson loops in parallel and concentric configurations. In the numerical study o…
We construct the effective model based on QCD with gluon condensate. Under the assumption that the gluons are condensed with the sharp momentum peak in the momentum space, we formulate the effective field theory incorporating both the gluon condensate and the chiral condensate, then study the phase transition on temperature and chemical potential plane with respect to two condensates. We find that the condensates decrease with increasing temperature, which is reliable tendency on the condensate being consistent with the argument of the asymptotic behavior.
We test gauge/string duality by evaluating expectation values of small Wilson loops in pure Yang-Mills theories. On the gauge-theory side, there exists rich phenomenology. The dual formulation provides with a universal language to evaluate the gluon condensate and quadratic correction in terms of the metric in the fifth coordinate. Quantitatively, the estimated value of the gluon condensate is approximately 0.010 GeV^4.
The study of light pseudoscalar quark-antiquark bound states in the Dyson-Schwinger approach with the effective QCD coupling enhanced by the interplay of the dimension 2 gluon condensate <A^2> and dimension 4 gluon condensate <F^2>, is extended to the eta-eta' complex. We include the effects of the gluon axial anomaly into the Dyson-Schwinger approach to mesons. The calculated masses, mixing and two-photon decay widths of eta and eta' mesons are in agreement with experiment. Also, in a model-independent way, we give the modification of the Gell-Mann--Okubo and Schwinger nonet relations due to …
It is shown that in the large-N_c limit radial Regge trajectories give rise in a natural way to the presence of the dimension-2 gluon condensate, <A^2>, in meson correlators. We match these models to QCD and provide estimates for <A^2> in terms of other physical quantities. In particular, in the simplest strictly linear radial Regge model with equal residues <A^2> is proportional to the pion decay constant squared. However, the linear model fails a consistency condition based on matching the short- and long-distance string tensions, nor reproduces the phenomenological values of the gluon conde…
We study the spectra of light mesons as well as the dissociation of a quarkonium and monopole-anti monopole bound state in a gluon condensate background. In order to describe the confining phase we introduce an IR cutoff in two ways, namely the hard wall and the braneless approaches. We find that the meson spectra strongly depend on the gluon condensate in the braneless approach, while they do not in the hard wall model. The latter result appears to be a more probable feature of QCD.
We demonstrate that a clear physical content and relevance can be attributed to the on-shell BRST-invariant mixed gluon--ghost condensate of mass dimension two which was recently proposed by the author. We argue that a gauge invariant observable is associated with the mixed condensate.
We derive recently obtained relations, relating the logarithmic gauge coupling derivative of the hadron mass and the cosmological constant to the matter and vacuum gluon condensates, within a Hamiltonian framework. The key idea is a canonical transformation which brings the relevant part of the Hamiltonian into a suitable form. Furthermore we illustrate the relations within the Schwinger model and ${\cal N}=2$ super Yang Mills theory (Seiberg-Witten theory).
We derive a holographic prediction of the deconfinement temperature $T_c$ at vanishing chemical potential within a simplest AdS/QCD model with dynamical dilaton. Our analysis leads to a linear relation between $T_c^4$ and the gluon condensate. After normalizing this relation to the lattice data for $SU(3)$ pure gauge theory, the standard phenomenological value of gluon condensate from QCD sum rules leads to the prediction $T_c=156$ MeV which is in a perfect agreement with the modern lattice results and freeze-out temperature measured by the ALICE Collaboration.
We determine the non-perturbative gluon condensate of four-dimensional SU(3) gauge theory in a model independent way. This is achieved by carefully subtracting high order perturbation theory results from non-perturbative lattice QCD determinations of the average plaquette. No indications of dimension two condensates are found. The value of the gluon condensate turns out to be of a similar size as the intrinsic ambiguity inherent to its definition.
We exhibit the method for obtaining non perturbative quark and gluonic vacuum condensates from a model truncation of QCD. The truncation allows for a phenomenological description of the quark-quark interaction in a framework which maintains all global symmetries of QCD and allows an 1/N_c expansion. Within this approach the functional integration over the gluon fields can be performed and therefore any gluonic vacuum observable can be expressed in terms of a quark operator and the gluon propagator. As a special case we calculate the mixed quark gluon condensate. We investigate how the value de…
We calculate the contribution of local gluon condensate into the quadratic theta-term of vacuum energy and discuss its application to the study of axion mass.
We estimate the temperature dependence of the gluon condensate from the Polyakov loop effective potential. It is presented how this analytic approach provides a simple picture for the electric gluon condensate around the deconfinement temperature, showing that it drops to zero in a temperature range which is in good agreement with different pure gauge lattice results.
We investigate the quark-gluon mixed condensate based on an AdS/QCD model. Introducing a holographic field dual to the operator for the quark-gluon mixed condensate, we obtain the corresponding classical equation of motion. Taking the mixed condensate as an additional free parameter, we show that the present scheme reproduces very well experimental data. A fixed value of the mixed condensate is in good agreement with that of the QCD sum rules.
By the use of the gauge/gravity duality, we calculate the imaginary part of heavy quarkonium potential and thermal width with the effect of gluon condensate which is absent in AdS$_{5}$ background. Our results show that the dropping gluon condensate reduces the absolute value of imaginary potential and therefore decreases the thermal width both in "exact" and "approximate" approach implying that the heavy quarkonium has a weaker bound with the increase of gluon condensate. In addition, the thermal width will disappear at a critical condensate value, which indicates the dissociation of quarkoni…
Gluon Condensate from Lattice QCD
在对传统的从格点量子色动力学数据中提取胶子凝聚的方法进行了批判性的评论之后，我提出了另一种分析方法。结果比现象学值大五倍以上。两个密切相关的主题，红外重整化的提取和Lepage和Mackenzie改进的晶格微扰系列的影响，也进行了讨论。
The connection between the nuclear matter mean-field equation of state and the quark and gluon condensates at high density
在核物质平均场模型中，手征对称性恢复要求介子-核子耦合依赖于密度。我们进一步指出，介质中的夸克和胶子凝聚一般与核物质的能量动量张量的迹有关，在这些模型中，不可压缩性K必须小于化学势$μ$的三倍。在临界密度$ρ_c$下，胶子凝聚只减少了$20\%$，表明核子的有效质量更大。
We discuss application of formalism of small-$x$ effective action for reggeized gluons, \cite{Gribov,LipatovEff,BFKL}, for the calculation of classical gluon field of relativistic color charge, similarly to that done in CGC approach of \cite{Venug,Kovner}. The equations of motion with the reggeon fields are solved in LO and NLO approximations and new solutions are found. The results are compared to the calculations performed in the CGC framework and it is demonstrated that the LO CGC results for the classical field are reproduced in our calculations. Possible applications of the NLO solution i…
We study the genuine non-perturbative corrections to the Landau gauge ghost-gluon vertex in terms of the non-vanishing dimension-two gluon condensate, and prove these corrections to give account of current SU(2) lattice data for the vertex with different kinematical configurations in the domain of intermediate momenta, roughly above 2-3 GeV. Based on this OPE analysis, we also present a simple model for the vertex, in acceptable agreement with the lattice data also in the IR domain. The necessity of a non-vanishing dimension-two gluon condensate will be also investigated through the analysis o…
The mixed quark-gluon condensate is another chiral order parameter in QCD, which plays an important role in the application of QCD sum rules. In this letter, we study the properties of quark-gluon mixed condensate at finite temperature and quark chemical potential in the framework of global color symmetry model. Using an infrared-dominant model gluon two-point function, we find that the behavior of quark-gluon mixed condensate at finite temperature and chemical potential is similar to that of the quark condensate, and both of them give the same information about chiral phase transition. We als…
Vacuum Structure in QCD with Quark and Gluon Condensates
本文考虑了含有夸克凝聚和胶子凝聚以及基态变分近似的QCD真空结构。该方法是非微扰的，只使用相等的时间代数的字段操作员。然后我们发现，一个受约束的能量最小化的哈密顿量导致一个QCD真空与夸克和胶子凝聚$α_s > α_c=0.62$。π介子衰变常数和π介子的电荷半径似乎将QCD耦合常数$α_s$固定为1.28。这种方法开辟了将神秘的真空结构与常见的强子性质联系起来的可能性。
Nonlocal gluon condensates are vacuum expectations of the product of gluon field strength tensors. Short-distance expansions of two-, three-, and four-gluon condensates are presented up to dimension-8 local operators. We propose a method for calculating the Wilson coefficients based on the presented expansions and the Feynman diagram technique in the background field approach. The method is demonstrated using the glueball current correlators as examples. Methodological aspects of the background field approach are discussed in relation to glueball studies within QCD sum rules. We confirm the re…
We study the structure of the confining string in Yang-Mills theory using the method of the field strength correlators. The method allows us to demonstrate that both the local fluctuations of the topological charge and the gluon condensate are suppressed in the vicinity of the string axis in agreement with results of lattice simulations.
Beyond the deep IR, the analysis of ghost and gluon propagators still keeps very interesting non-perturbative information. The Taylor-scheme coupling can be computed and applied to obtain the $Λ_{\rm QCD}$ parameter from Landau gauge lattice simulations. Furthermore, a dimension-two gluon condensate, that can be understood in the instanton liquid model, plays an important role in the game.
We review briefly and in retrospect the development which brought about the QCD sum rules based on introduction of the gluon condensate (M.A. Shifman, A.I. Vainshtein, and V.I. Zakharov (1978)).
In a scalar approximation the distribution of a gluon condensate in a glueball is calculated. In this approximation the SU(3) gauge fields are separated on two parts: (1) is the $SU(2) \subset SU(3)$ subgroup, (2) is the coset $SU(3) / SU(2)$. Using an approximate nonperturbative quantization technique two scalar fields are applied for the description of the SU(2) and coset degrees of freedom. In this approach 2-point Green's functions are a bilinear combination of scalar fields and 4-point Green's functions are the product of 2-points Green's functions.
Gluon Condensates, Quark Matter Equation of State and Quark Stars
本文考虑夸克物质状态方程，其中包括奇异夸克，并考虑了胶子凝聚QCD的非平凡真空结构。冷凝函数的参数由热力学势的最小化确定。在零温度和零重子密度的QCD求和规则下，胶子凝聚的标度参数由SVZ参数确定。导出了奇异物质零温状态方程，并利用托尔曼-奥本海默-哈诺夫方程研究了夸克星的结构。得到了夸克星的稳定解，其最大极限为3.2 $M_\odot$，半径约为17 km.
We investigate a connection between a renormalon ambiguity of heavy quark mass and the gluon condensate contribution into the quark dispersion law related with a virtuality defining a displacement of the heavy quark from the perturbative mass-shell, which happens inside a hadron.
One-loop quark contributions to the dimension-four gluon condensate term in the operator product expansion (OPE) of the scalar glueball correlation function are calculated in the MS-bar scheme in the chiral limit of $n_f$ quark flavours. The presence of quark effects is shown not to alter the cancellation of infrared (IR) singularities in the gluon condensate OPE coefficients. The dimension-four gluonic condensate term represents the leading power corrections to the scalar glueball correlator and, therein, the one-loop logarithmic contributions provide the most important condensate contributio…
A new relation between $ρ$-meson mass, weak $π$-meson decay constant, quark and gluon condensates is derived from the QCD sum rules. As a byproduct an explanation for the dominance of $ρρ$-decay for the $f_0(1370)$-meson is proposed.
We apply the effective theory of color glass condensate to the analysis of gluon states in dense quark matter, in which the saturation region of gluons is also present. We find that in the region two point function of gluons shows algebraic long range order. The order is completely the same as the one gluons show in the dense quark matter, which form quantum Hall states. The order leads to the vanishing of massless gluon pole. We also find that the saturation region of gluons extends from small $x$ to even large $x\lesssim 1$ in much dense quark matter. We point out a universality that the col…
Temperature Dependence of Electric and Magnetic Gluon Condensates
讨论了Lorentz非标量算符对有限温度关联函数的贡献。利用两个矢量流乘积的一π矩阵元的局部对偶方法，在手征极限下估计了平均胶子应力张量的温度依赖性为$\langle{\bf E}^2 +{\bf B}^2\rangle_{T}=\frac{π^2}{10}bT^4$ .在归一化点$μ=0.5$ GeV处，我们获得$b\approx 1.1$。结合已知的洛伦兹标量胶子凝聚的温度依赖性，我们能够分别在低温强子相中推断出$\langle{\bf E}^2\rangle_T$和$\langle{\bf B}^2\rangle_T$。
We calculate the lowest-dimensional nonlocal quark and gluon condensates within the single instanton approximation of the instanton liquid model. As a result, we determine the values of average virtualities of quarks $λ_q^2$ and gluons $λ_g^2$ in the QCD vacuum and obtain parameterless predictions for the ratio $λ_g^2/λ_q^2 = 12/5$, and for some ratios of different vacuum condensates of higher dimensions. The nonlocal properties of quark and gluon condensates are analyzed, and insufficiency of the single instanton approximation is discussed.
Gluon Condensates at Finite Baryon Densities and Temperature
本文导出了有限温度和重子密度下具有非平凡真空结构的夸克物质的QCD状态方程。使用热场动力学，热真空和胶子凝聚函数的参数确定通过最小化的热力学势，以及自洽的有效胶子和夸克质量的测定。胶子凝聚的标度参数与零温下QCD求和规则中的SVZ参数有关。在热真空中加入夸克后，胶子凝聚消失的临界温度比只含有胶子的情况有所降低。在零温度下，我们同样得到临界重子密度约为0.36 fm $^{-3}$。
Based on the Dyson-Schwinger Equations (DSEs) with zero- and finite temperature, the two quark condensate, the four quark condensate and quark gluon mixed condensate in non-perturbative QCD state are investigated by solving the DSEs respectively at zero and finite temperature. These condensates are important input parameters in QCD sum rule with zero and finite temperature and properties of hadronic study. The calculated results manifest that the three condensates are almost independent of the temperature below the critical point temperature $T_{c}$. The results also show that the chiral symme…
Motivated by the desire to understand the nucleon mass structure in terms of light-cone distributions, we introduce the twist-four parton distribution function $F(x)$ whose first moment is the gluon condensate in the nucleon. We present the equation of motion relations for $F(x)$ and discuss the possible existence of the delta function (`zero mode') contribution at $x=0$. We also perform one-loop calculations for quark and gluon targets.
There is a good deal of current interest in the condensate A^2 which has been seen to play an important role in calculations which make use of the operator product expansion. That development has led to the publication of a large number of papers which discuss how that condensate could play a role in a gauge-invariant formulation. In the present work we consider gluon propagation in the presence of such a condensate which we assume to be present in the vacuum. We show that the gluon propagator has no on-mass-shell pole and, therefore, a gluon cannot propagate over extended distances. That is, …
The low-energy QCD theorems are generalized in the presence of a constant magnetic field H. Two-loop approximation for the vacuum energy density in the framework of the chiral perturbation theory was obtained and the quark and gluon condensates were found as the functions of H.
The perturbative contribution in the average plaquette is subtracted using Borel summation and the remnant of the plaquette is shown to scale as a dim-4 condensate. A critical review is presented of the renormalon subtraction scheme that claimed a dim-2 condensate. The extracted gluon condensate is compared with the latest result employing high order (35-loop) calculation in the stochastic perturbation theory.
We give the hyperasymptotic expansion of the plaquette with a precision that includes the terminant associated to the leading renormalon. Subleading effects are also considered. The perturbative series is regulated using the principal value prescription for its Borel integral. We use this analysis to give a determination of the gluon condensate in SU(3) pure gluodynamics that is independent of the scale and renormalization scheme used for the coupling constant: $\langle G^2 \rangle_{\rm PV} (n_f=0)=3.15(18)\; r_0^{-4}$.
Gravitational waves from holographic QCD phase transition with gluon condensate
本文通过全息对偶研究含胶子凝聚的一阶QCD相变，发现相变温度正比于胶子凝聚并给出$T_c=155.38\ MeV$，同时计算了该相变产生的引力波，指出胶子凝聚会压低引力波能量密度和峰值频率。
We propose a new reformulation of Yang-Mills theory in which three- and four-gluon self-interactions are eliminated at the price of introducing a sufficient number of auxiliary fields. We discuss the validity of this reformulation in the possible applications such as dynamical gluon mass generation, color confinement and glueball mass calculation. We emphasize the transverse-gluon pair condensation as the basic mechanism for dynamical mass generation. The confinement is realized as a consequence of a fact that the auxiliary fields become dynamical in the sense that they acquire the kinetic ter…
Sum rules for the nonperturbative piece of correlators (specifically, the vector current correlator) are discussed. The sum rule subtracting the perturbative part is of the superconvergent type. Thus it is dominated by the bound states and low energy production cross section. It leads to a determination of the gluon condensate of $<α_s G^2> = 0.048 \pm 0.039 GeV^4$
The quark gluon plasma which has been observed at RHIC is a strongly interacting system and has been called sQGP. This is a system at high temperatures and almost zero baryon chemical potential. A similar system with high chemical potential and almost zero temperature may exist in the core of compact stars. Most likely it is also a strongly interacting system. The strong interactions may be partly due to non-perturbative effects, which survive after the deconfinement transition and which can be related with the non-vanishing gluon condensates in the sQGP. In this work, starting from the QCD La…
扫码添加微信好友，提出您的宝贵建议 👇
💡 备注请填写：网站反馈
发表机构由 AI 从论文文本抽取，如发现错误，欢迎反馈修正建议。