相对论磁化喷流中螺旋轨道斑点的运动和发射
Kinematics of and emission from helically orbiting blobs in a relativistic magnetized jet
摘要：
本文提出了一个广义相对论（GR）模型，描述了活动星系核中的喷流变率，这是由于沿固定在黑洞附近的吸积盘上的漏斗形或圆锥形磁表面螺旋运动的轨道斑点引起的。考虑辐射压力驱动的内部区域的流动，我们发现，它稳定的流动，产生洛伦兹因子范围在1.1和7之间的小半径合理的初始条件。假设这些作为输入，漏斗模型的模拟光变曲线（LC）包括多普勒和引力位移，像差，光弯曲和时间延迟。这些LC的准周期振荡（QPO）和功率谱密度（PSD）的形状进行了研究，并产生一个增加的振幅（$\sim$ 12%），一个波束部分和系统的相移相对于从以前的特殊相对论模型。这些结果有力地证明了在史瓦西几何中实现一个现实的磁表面几何来描述在接近视界半径的射流中轨道特征对发射的影响。从黑洞质量$M_{\bullet} = (0.5 - 5) \times 10^8 M_{\odot}$和初始洛伦兹因子$γ_{jet,i} = 2 - 10$的模拟中，出现了具有典型$-2$斜率的幂律形状PSD和具有$(1.37 - 130.7)$天范围内的时间尺度的QPO，这与Blazars中的光学变化一致。这里提出的模型可以应用于解释无线电，光学和X射线的变化，从一系列的喷射源，包括活动星系核，X射线双星和中子星。
英文摘要：
We present a general relativistic (GR) model of jet variability in active galactic nuclei due to orbiting blobs in helical motion along a funnel or cone shaped magnetic surface anchored to the accretion disk near the black hole. Considering a radiation pressure driven flow in the inner region, we find that it stabilizes the flow, yielding Lorentz factors ranging between 1.1 and 7 at small radii for reasonable initial conditions. Assuming these as inputs, simulated light curves (LCs) for the funnel model include Doppler and gravitational shifts, aberration, light bending, and time delay. These LCs are studied for quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and the power spectral density (PSD) shape and yield an increased amplitude ($\sim$ 12 %); a beamed portion and a systematic phase shift with respect to that from a previous special relativistic model. The results strongly justify implementing a realistic magnetic surface geometry in Schwarzschild geometry to describe effects on emission from orbital features in the jet close to the horizon radius. A power law shaped PSD with a typical slope of $-2$ and QPOs with timescales in the range of $(1.37 - 130.7)$ days consistent with optical variability in Blazars, emerges from the simulations for black hole masses $M_{\bullet} = (0.5 - 5) \times 10^8 M_{\odot}$ and initial Lorentz factors $γ_{jet,i} = 2 - 10$. The models presented here can be applied to explain radio, optical, and X-ray variability from a range of jetted sources including active galactic nuclei, X-ray binaries and neutron stars.
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