自由意志作为无限元理论递归的概念
The concept of free will as an infinite metatheoretic recursion
摘要：
有人认为，自由意志的概念，就像形式语言中的真理概念一样，需要在对象层次和元层次之间进行分离，以便得到一致的定义。詹姆斯的两阶段模型，将自由意志解构为因果开放的“自由”阶段，并在“意志”阶段关闭，这是朝着这个方向的一个隐含的举动。然而，为了避免决定论的困境，自由意志还需要因果元阶段的无限回归，使自由选择成为一项超任务。我们用这个模型来定义理性主义-相容主义类型的自由意志。这表明量子不确定性，自由和自由意志之间提供了一个自然的三种方式的区别，分别适用于人工智能（AI），动物代理和人类代理。我们提出，在我们的模型中的因果层次对应于图灵不可计算性的层次。可能的神经生物学和行为测试，以证明自由意志实验的建议。物理学，进化生物学，神经科学，神经病理医学和道德哲学模型的分支进行了简要概述。
英文摘要：
It is argued that the concept of free will, like the concept of truth in formal languages, requires a separation between an object level and a meta-level for being consistently defined. The Jamesian two-stage model, which deconstructs free will into the causally open "free" stage with its closure in the "will" stage, is implicitly a move in this direction. However, to avoid the dilemma of determinism, free will additionally requires an infinite regress of causal meta-stages, making free choice a hypertask. We use this model to define free will of the rationalist-compatibilist type. This is shown to provide a natural three-way distinction between quantum indeterminism, freedom and free will, applicable respectively to artificial intelligence (AI), animal agents and human agents. We propose that the causal hierarchy in our model corresponds to a hierarchy of Turing uncomputability. Possible neurobiological and behavioral tests to demonstrate free will experimentally are suggested. Ramifications of the model for physics, evolutionary biology, neuroscience, neuropathological medicine and moral philosophy are briefly outlined.
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