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arXiv 1503.06065astro-ph.CO
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nIFTy星系团模拟I:暗物质和非辐射模型

nIFTy galaxy cluster simulations I: dark matter & non-radiative models

Federico Sembolini, Gustavo Yepes, Frazer R. Pearce, Alexander Knebe, Scott T. Kay, Chris Power, Weiguang Cui, Alexander M. Beck, Stefano Borgani, Claudio Dalla… 展开作者

Federico Sembolini, Gustavo Yepes, Frazer R. Pearce, Alexander Knebe, Scott T. Kay, Chris Power, Weiguang Cui, Alexander M. Beck, Stefano Borgani, Claudio Dalla Vecchia, Romeel Davé, Pascal Jahan Elahi, Sean February, Shuiyao Huang, Alex Hobbs, Neal Katz, Erwin Lau, Ian G. McCarthy, Giuseppe Murante, Daisuke Nagai, Kaylea Nelson, Richard D. A. Newton, Ewald Puchwein, Justin I. Read, Alexandro Saro, Joop Schaye, Robert J. Thacker

摘要:

我们用12个不同的程序(\art,\arepo,\hydra \和9个GADGET的化身)模拟了一个$Λ$ CDM宇宙中星系团的形成。这一系列的代码包括粒子为基础的,移动和固定的网格代码,以及欧拉和拉格朗日流体计划。各种GADGET实现跨越传统和先进的光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)计划。这种比较的目的是评估在最简单的天体物理学相关的情况下,即气体被假定为非辐射的星系团的宇宙学流体动力学模拟的可靠性。我们比较图像的集群在$z=0$,全球性的性质,如质量,径向配置文件的各种动力学和化学量。基础的引力框架可以非常准确地对准所有的代码,允许详细调查的差异,发展由于各种气体物理实现。正如预期的那样,基于网格的代码ART和AREPO形成扩展的熵核心的气体中心气体温度上升。这些代码采用传统的SPH方案显示下降的熵曲线一直到非常中心,相应地上升的密度曲线和中心温度反转。我们表明,现代SPH方案,允许熵混合的方法跨越这两个极端之间的范围和最新的SPH变体产生气体熵的配置文件,基本上是无法区分的,从那些获得基于网格的方法。

英文摘要:

We have simulated the formation of a galaxy cluster in a $Λ$CDM universe using twelve different codes modeling only gravity and non-radiative hydrodynamics (\art, \arepo, \hydra\ and 9 incarnations of GADGET). This range of codes includes particle based, moving and fixed mesh codes as well as both Eulerian and Lagrangian fluid schemes. The various GADGET implementations span traditional and advanced smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) schemes. The goal of this comparison is to assess the reliability of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of clusters in the simplest astrophysically relevant case, that in which the gas is assumed to be non-radiative. We compare images of the cluster at $z=0$, global properties such as mass, and radial profiles of various dynamical and thermodynamical quantities. The underlying gravitational framework can be aligned very accurately for all the codes allowing a detailed investigation of the differences that develop due to the various gas physics implementations employed. As expected, the mesh-based codes ART and AREPO form extended entropy cores in the gas with rising central gas temperatures. Those codes employing traditional SPH schemes show falling entropy profiles all the way into the very centre with correspondingly rising density profiles and central temperature inversions. We show that methods with modern SPH schemes that allow entropy mixing span the range between these two extremes and the latest SPH variants produce gas entropy profiles that are essentially indistinguishable from those obtained with grid based methods.

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