arXiv 1503.059252015-03-19astro-ph.SR

球状星团巨星中的锂丰度：NGC 1904、NGC 2808和NGC 362

Lithium abundances in globular cluster giants: NGC 1904, NGC 2808, and NGC 362

V. D'Orazi, R. G. Gratton, G. C. Angelou, A. Bragaglia, E. Carretta, J. C. Lattanzio, S. Lucatello, Y. Momany, A. Sollima, G. Beccari

备注：: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 10 pages, 8 figures
DOI：: 10.1093/mnras/stv612

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摘要：

球状星团中存在多个星族的现象已经得到了很好的证实，这要归功于高分辨率的光谱学。人们普遍认为，不同的种群是不同恒星世代的结果：需要星团内污染事件来产生几乎所有星团中观察到的特殊化学物质。不幸的是，负责的祖先留下了一个模糊的签名，其性质仍然没有得到解决。为了限制候选污染物，我们测量了三个系统中180多个巨星的锂和铝丰度：NGC~1904，NGC~2808和NGC~362。目前的调查以及我们以前的分析M12和M5为我们提供了最大的数据库，同时测定锂和铝的丰度。我们的研究结果表明，锂生产发生在每个集群。在NGC~362中，我们发现了类似M12的行为，第一代和第二代恒星具有非常相似的Li丰度，有利于能够产生Li的祖先，例如AGB星。在NGC~1904和NGC~2808中可能有多种祖先类型，因为它们既有与第一代恒星相当的锂中间人口，也有富含Al但缺乏Li的极端人口。一个简单的稀释模型无法再现这种复杂的模式。最后，内部锂的变化似乎表明这种元素的生产效率是星系团质量和金属丰度的函数-低质量或相对富含金属的星系团更擅长生产锂。

英文摘要：

The presence of multiple populations in globular clusters has been well established thanks to high-resolution spectroscopy. It is widely accepted that distinct populations are a consequence of different stellar generations: intra-cluster pollution episodes are required to produce the peculiar chemistry observed in almost all clusters. Unfortunately, the progenitors responsible have left an ambiguous signature and their nature remains unresolved. To constrain the candidate polluters, we have measured lithium and aluminium abundances in more than 180 giants across three systems: NGC~1904, NGC~2808, and NGC~362. The present investigation along with our previous analysis of M12 and M5 affords us the largest database of simultaneous determinations of Li and Al abundances. Our results indicate that Li production has occurred in each of the three clusters. In NGC~362 we detected an M12-like behaviour, with first and second-generation stars sharing very similar Li abundances favouring a progenitor that is able to produce Li, such as AGB stars. Multiple progenitor types are possible in NGC~1904 and NGC~2808, as they possess both an intermediate population comparable in lithium to the first generation stars and also an extreme population, that is enriched in Al but depleted in Li. A simple dilution model fails in reproducing this complex pattern. Finally, the internal Li variation seems to suggest that the production efficiency of this element is a function of the cluster's mass and metallicity - low-mass or relatively metal-rich clusters are more adept at producing Li.

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