“巨型病毒探测器”在南极干旱河谷发现巨型病毒
The "Giant Virus Finder" Discovers an Abundance of Giant Viruses in the Antarctic Dry Valleys
摘要：
2003年，第一个巨型病毒从英国一个工业水冷却塔的生物膜中被发现。后来，在海洋和淡水栖息地发现了许多新的巨型病毒，其中一些甚至有2,500个基因。我们已经证明了他们很可能存在于四个土壤样品从卡奇沙漠（古吉拉特邦，印度）。在这里，我们描述了一个生物信息学的工作流程，称为“巨型病毒的基因组”，能够发现很可能存在的巨型病毒的基因组在宏基因组鸟枪测序数据集。该新工具适用于许多炎热和寒冷的沙漠土壤样本以及一些苔原和森林土壤。我们发现，这些样本中的大多数都含有巨大的病毒，尤其是在南极干旱山谷中发现的。结果表明，巨型病毒不仅在水生栖息地中频繁出现，而且在我们星球上的广泛土壤中也是如此。
英文摘要：
The first giant virus was identified in 2003 from a biofilm of an industrial water-cooling tower in England. Later, numerous new giant viruses were found in oceans and freshwater habitats, some of them having even 2,500 genes. We have demonstrated their very likely presence in four soil samples taken from the Kutch Desert (Gujarat, India). Here we describe a bioinformatics work-flow, called the "Giant Virus Finder" that is capable to discover the very likely presence of the genomes of giant viruses in metagenomic shotgun-sequenced datasets. The new tool is applied to numerous hot and cold desert soil samples as well as some tundra- and forest soils. We show that most of these samples contain giant viruses, and especially many were found in the Antarctic dry valleys. The results imply that giant viruses could be frequent not only in aqueous habitats, but in a wide spectrum of soils on our planet.
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