随机化的二分网络：世界贸易网的案例
Randomizing bipartite networks: the case of the World Trade Web
摘要：
在过去的15年里，网络理论已经成功地应用于自然科学和社会经济学科。特别是，二分网络已被公认为提供了一个特别深刻的代表性的许多系统，从互惠网络在生态经济中的贸易网络，从那里需要一个模式检测为导向的分析，以确定重大的结构特性。这种分析依赖于合适的空模型的定义，即选择要保留的网络结构部分，同时随机化其他一切。然而，令人惊讶的是，到目前为止，几乎没有工作来定义真实二部网络的空模型。目前的工作的目的是填补这一空白，扩展最近提出的方法随机单部网络的二部网络。虽然所提出的形式主义是完全通用的，我们应用我们的方法的二进制，无向，二分表示的世界贸易网，比较观察到的值的一些结构量的利益与预期的，通过我们的随机化程序计算。有趣的是，在这种新的表示中，世界贸易网的行为与单组分模拟有很大的不同，显示出高度非平凡的自组织模式。
英文摘要：
Within the last fifteen years, network theory has been successfully applied both to natural sciences and to socioeconomic disciplines. In particular, bipartite networks have been recognized to provide a particularly insightful representation of many systems, ranging from mutualistic networks in ecology to trade networks in economy, whence the need of a pattern detection-oriented analysis in order to identify statistically-significant structural properties. Such an analysis rests upon the definition of suitable null models, i.e. upon the choice of the portion of network structure to be preserved while randomizing everything else. However, quite surprisingly, little work has been done so far to define null models for real bipartite networks. The aim of the present work is to fill this gap, extending a recently-proposed method to randomize monopartite networks to bipartite networks. While the proposed formalism is perfectly general, we apply our method to the binary, undirected, bipartite representation of the World Trade Web, comparing the observed values of a number of structural quantities of interest with the expected ones, calculated via our randomization procedure. Interestingly, the behavior of the World Trade Web in this new representation is strongly different from the monopartite analogue, showing highly non-trivial patterns of self-organization.
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