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arXiv 1503.04814astro-ph.GA
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NIHAO项目II:星系形成模拟中暗物质的晕形、相空间密度和速度分布

NIHAO project II: Halo shape, phase-space density and velocity distribution of dark matter in galaxy formation simulations

Iryna Butsky, Andrea V. Macciò, Aaron A. Dutton, Liang Wang, Greg S. Stinson, Camilla Penzo, Xi Kang, Ben W. Keller, James Wadsley

摘要:

我们利用NIHAO(Numerical Investigation of Hundred Astrophysical Objects)宇宙学模拟研究了星系形成对暗物质(DM)晕关键性质的影响。NIHAO由$\simeq 90$高分辨率SPH模拟组成,包括(金属线)冷却,恒星形成,以及来自大质量恒星和超新星的反馈,并覆盖广泛的恒星和晕质量范围:$10^6 < M_* / M_{\odot} < 10^{11}$($10^{9.5} < M_{\rm halo} / M_{\odot} < 10^{12.5}$)。当与仅DM模拟相比时,NIHAO晕在维里半径R_{\rm vir}处具有类似的形状,但在$\simeq 0.1R_{\rm vir}$内部基本上更圆。在NIHAO模拟中,$c/a$随着晕质量和综合恒星形成效率的增加而增加,达到银河系质量的$\sim 0.8$(相比之下,只有DM的0.5),为观测和DM模拟之间的长期冲突提供了一个合理的解决方案。相空间$Q$参数($ρ/σ^3$)的径向分布与仅DM模拟中的单一幂律最佳拟合,但对于总质量$M>10^{11} M_{\odot}$,NIHAO在$\simeq 0.1R_{\rm vir}$内显示出平坦化。最后,DM的全球速度分布在DM-only和NIHAO模拟是相似的,但在太阳附近,NIHAO星系偏离麦克斯韦大幅度。分布更对称,大致为高斯分布,在银河系质量晕中有一个峰值向更高的速度移动。我们提供的分布参数,可用于预测直接DM检测实验。我们的研究结果强调了星系形成过程改变暗物质晕性质的能力。

英文摘要:

We use the NIHAO (Numerical Investigation of Hundred Astrophysical Objects) cosmological simulations to study the effects of galaxy formation on key properties of dark matter (DM) haloes. NIHAO consists of $\simeq 90$ high-resolution SPH simulations that include (metal-line) cooling, star formation, and feedback from massive stars and SuperNovae, and cover a wide stellar and halo mass range: $10^6 < M_* / M_{\odot} < 10^{11}$ ( $10^{9.5} < M_{\rm halo} / M_{\odot} < 10^{12.5}$). When compared to DM-only simulations, the NIHAO haloes have similar shapes at the virial radius, R_{\rm vir}, but are substantially rounder inside $\simeq 0.1R_{\rm vir}$. In NIHAO simulations $c/a$ increases with halo mass and integrated star formation efficiency, reaching $\sim 0.8$ at the Milky Way mass (compared to 0.5 in DM-only), providing a plausible solution to the long-standing conflict between observations and DM-only simulations. The radial profile of the phase-space $Q$ parameter ($ρ/σ^3$) is best fit with a single power law in DM-only simulations, but shows a flattening within $\simeq 0.1R_{\rm vir}$ for NIHAO for total masses $M>10^{11} M_{\odot}$. Finally, the global velocity distribution of DM is similar in both DM-only and NIHAO simulations, but in the solar neighborhood, NIHAO galaxies deviate substantially from Maxwellian. The distribution is more symmetric, roughly Gaussian, with a peak that shifts to higher velocities for Milky Way mass haloes. We provide the distribution parameters which can be used for predictions for direct DM detection experiments. Our results underline the ability of the galaxy formation processes to modify the properties of dark matter haloes.

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