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arXiv 1503.04807astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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EAGLE模拟中星系的分子氢丰度

Molecular hydrogen abundances of galaxies in the EAGLE simulations

Claudia del P. Lagos, Robert A. Crain, Joop Schaye, Michelle Furlong, Carlos S. Frenk, Richard G. Bower, Matthieu Schaller, Tom Theuns, James W. Trayford, Yanni… 展开作者

Claudia del P. Lagos, Robert A. Crain, Joop Schaye, Michelle Furlong, Carlos S. Frenk, Richard G. Bower, Matthieu Schaller, Tom Theuns, James W. Trayford, Yannick M. Bahe, Claudio Dalla Vecchia

摘要:

在“银河系及其环境的演化与组装”(EAGLE)宇宙学流体动力学模拟中,我们研究了银河系分子氢(H $_2$)的丰度.我们分配H $_2$质量的气体粒子在模拟中的后处理使用两种不同的处方,取决于当地的尘埃与气体的比例和星际辐射场。两者都导致H $_2$星系质量函数与本地和高红移宇宙中的观测结果吻合得很好。模拟再现了观测到的H $_2$质量与恒星质量、恒星形成速率和恒星表面密度之间的标度关系。对高edshifts,星系在模拟中显示较大的H $_2$质量分数,相应地较低的H $_2$耗尽时标,也与观测结果很好地吻合。以临界密度$Ω_{\rm H_2}$为单位的H $_2$的共动质量密度在$z\approx 1.2-1.5$达到峰值,比宇宙恒星形成率活动的预测峰值($z\approx 2$)晚。这种差异源于气体金属丰度的降低和星际辐射场随红移的增加,这两者都阻碍了H $_2$的形成。我们发现,宇宙H $_2$预算占主导地位的星系与$M_{\rm H_2}>10^9\,\rm M_{\odot}$,恒星形成率$>10\,\rm M_{\odot}\,\rm yr^{-1}$和恒星质量$M_{\rm stellar}>10^{10}\,\rm M_{\odot}$,这是很容易观察到的光学和近红外。之间的匹配H $_2$属性的星系出现在模拟和观测是显着的,特别是因为H $_2$观测没有被用来调整EAGLE中的参数。

英文摘要:

We investigate the abundance of galactic molecular hydrogen (H$_2$) in the "Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments" (EAGLE) cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. We assign H$_2$ masses to gas particles in the simulations in post-processing using two different prescriptions that depend on the local dust-to-gas ratio and the interstellar radiation field. Both result in H$_2$ galaxy mass functions that agree well with observations in the local and high-redshift Universe. The simulations reproduce the observed scaling relations between the mass of H$_2$ and the stellar mass, star formation rate and stellar surface density. Towards high edshifts, galaxies in the simulations display larger H$_2$ mass fractions, and correspondingly lower H$_2$ depletion timescales, also in good agreement with observations. The comoving mass density of H$_2$ in units of the critical density, $Ω_{\rm H_2}$, peaks at $z\approx 1.2-1.5$, later than the predicted peak of the cosmic star formation rate activity, at $z\approx 2$. This difference stems from the decrease in gas metallicity and increase in interstellar radiation field with redshift, both of which hamper H$_2$ formation. We find that the cosmic H$_2$ budget is dominated by galaxies with $M_{\rm H_2}>10^9\,\rm M_{\odot}$, star formation rates $>10\,\rm M_{\odot}\,\rm yr^{-1}$ and stellar masses $M_{\rm stellar}>10^{10}\,\rm M_{\odot}$, which are readily observable in the optical and near-IR. The match between the H$_2$ properties of galaxies that emerge in the simulations and observations is remarkable, particularly since H$_2$ observations were not used to adjust parameters in EAGLE.

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