14 pages, 14 figures. Talk presented at Discrete 2014: Fourth Symposium on Prospects in the Physics of Discrete Symmetries, December 2-6 2014, King's College, London, England
In this talk we present a new method for determining the nonperturbative quark-gluon vertex, which constitutes a crucial ingredient for a variety of theoretical and phenomenological studies. This new method relies heavily on the exact all-order relation connecting the conventional quark-gluon vertex with the corresponding vertex of the background field method, which is Abelian-like. The longitudinal part of this latter quantity is fixed using the standard gauge technique, whereas the transverse is estimated with the help of the so-called transverse Ward identities. This method allows the approximate determination of the nonperturbative behavior of all twelve form factors comprising the quark-gluon vertex, for arbitrary values of the momenta. Numerical results are presented for the form factors in three special kinematical configurations (soft gluon and quark symmetric limit, zero quark momentum), and compared with the corresponding lattice data.
We study the genuine non-perturbative corrections to the Landau gauge ghost-gluon vertex in terms of the non-vanishing dimension-two gluon condensate, and prove these corrections to give account of current SU(2) lattice data for the vertex with different kinematical configurations in the domain of intermediate momenta, roughly above 2-3 GeV. Based on this OPE analysis, we also present a simple model for the vertex, in acceptable agreement with the lattice data also in the IR domain. The necessity of a non-vanishing dimension-two gluon condensate will be also investigated through the analysis o…
The two-loop three-gluon vertex is calculated in an arbitrary covariant gauge, in the limit when two of the gluons are on the mass shell. The corresponding two-loop results for the ghost-gluon vertex are also obtained. It is shown that the results are consistent with the Ward-Slavnov-Taylor identities.
A new representation for the two-to-four gluon vertex arising in the context of unitarity corrections is derived which involves only BFKL kernels. We discuss possible implications of this representation, including the possibility of finding the NLO corrections to the vertex.
We investigate the momentum dependence of the g*-g-eta' vertex form factor in the presence of the nonperturbative QCD vacuum condensate. The behaviour of this form factor is crucial for, among other things, some proposed mechanisms devised to explain the large branching ratio for fast eta' production in charmless B decays observed by CLEO. We show that the leading momentum dependence of this vertex form factor is not altered when the contribution of nonperturbative quark condensate is considered.
We summarise results for the running coupling from the four-gluon vertex in Landau gauge, SU($N_c$) Yang-Mills theory as given by a combination of dressing functions of the vertex and the gluon propagator. These functions have been determined numerically from the corresponding set of Dyson-Schwinger equations. In the infrared we obtain a nontrivial infrared fixed point which is three orders of magnitude smaller than the corresponding one in the coupling of the ghost-gluon vertex.
The vertex connecting one background gluon with two quantum ones constitutes a central ingredient in the gauge-invariant Schwinger-Dyson equation that determines the non-perturbative dynamics of the gluon propagator. This vertex satisfies a Ward identity with respect to the background gluon, and a Slavnov-Taylor identity with respect to the two quantum gluons. We present a complete Ansatz for this vertex, which satisfies both aforementioned identities. This entire construction depends crucially on a set of constraints relating the various form-factors of the ghost Green's functions appearing i…
One-loop off-shell contributions to the quark-gluon vertex are calculated, in an arbitrary covariant gauge and in arbitrary space-time dimension, including quark-mass effects. It is shown how one can get results for all on-shell limits of interest directly from the off-shell expressions. In order to demonstrate that the Ward-Slavnov-Taylor identity for the quark-gluon vertex is satisfied, we have also calculated the corresponding one-loop contribution involving the quark-quark-ghost-ghost vertex.
Single and double inclusive cross-sections for gluon jet production from within the triple pomeron vertex are studied in the reggeized gluon technique. It is shown that to satisfy the AGK rules the vertex has to be fully symmetric in all four reggeized gluons which form the two final pomerons. The single inclusive cross-sections are found for different cuttings of the triple pomeron vertex. They sum into the expression obtained by Yu.Kovchegov and K.Tuchin in the colour dipole picture. The found double inclusive cross-sections satisfy the AGK rules.
This brief note is devoted to a study of genuine non-perturbative corrections to the Landau gauge ghost-gluon vertex in terms of the non-vanishing dimension-two gluon condensate. We pay special attention to the kinematical limit which the bare vertex takes for its tree-level expression at any perturbative order, according to the well-known Taylor theorem. Based on our OPE analysis, we also present a simple model for the vertex, in acceptable agreement with lattice data.
A recent form of the Slavnov-Taylor identity for the ghost-gluon vertex of QCD is compared with perturbative results. It is found that this identity, derived assuming ghost-ghost scattering can be neglected, is not consistent with perturbation theory. A new identity is derived at the one-loop perturbative level.
This paper is devoted to the calculation of the Reggeized quark-Reggeized quark-gluon effective vertex in perturbative QCD in the next-to-leading order. The case of QCD with massless quarks is considered and the correction is obtained in the D->4 limit. This vertex appears in the quark Reggeization theory, which next-to-leading order extension is now under construction.
In order to check the compatibility of the gluon Reggeization in QCD with the $s$-channel unitarity, the one-loop correction to the Reggeon-Reggeon-gluon vertex must be known at arbitrary space-time dimension $D$. We obtain this correction from the gluon production amplitude in the multi-Regge kinematics and present an explicit expression for it in terms of a few integrals over the transverse momenta of virtual particles. The one-gluon contribution to the non-forward BFKL kernel at arbitrary $D$ is also obtained.
We perform a semi-perturbative calculation of the quark-gluon vertex inspired from the three-loop expanded 3PI effective action and investigate the relative strengths of the chirally symmetric/broken tensor structures below and above the crossover.
We calculated the effective vertex of the quark production in the collision of Reggeized quark and Reggeized gluon in the next-to-leading order (NLO). The vertex in question is the missing component of the multi-Regge NLO amplitudes with the quark and gluon exchanges in $t_i$ channels. The calculation allows us to develop the bootstrap approach to the quark Reggeization proof within next-to-leading logarithmic approximation.
This paper is devoted to the calculation of the quark-gluon-Reggeized quark effective vertex in perturbative QCD in the next-to-leading order. The case of QCD with massive quarks is considered. This vertex has a number of applications, in particular, the result can be used for determination of the next-to-leading correction to the massive Reggeized quark trajectory.
I generalize the Altarelli-Parisi approach to finding the QCD splitting functions to the case of 4-vertex interactions. I apply the results to the 4-gluon interaction and use them to define several jet observables. I estimate the correction associated with the 4-gluon interaction compared with QCD 3-vertex interactions, and find that such a correction can be significant, especially at low energies. For instance, it is estimated that at energy scales between 100 GeV and 1 TeV, the corrections associated with the 4-g vertex could range between ~ 6% - 10%, however, the correction becomes smaller …
The one-loop off-shell massive quark contribution to the three-gluon vertex is calculated in an arbitrary space-time dimension. The results for all relevant on-shell and symmetric limits are obtained directly from the general off-shell results. The analytic structure of the results for the relevant massive scalar integrals is also discussed.
We calculate the induced color charges Q_{ind.}^3, Q_{ind.}^8 and the effective vertex gamma - gamma - gluon generated in quark-gluon plasma with the A_0 condensate because of the color parity violation at this background. To imitate the case of heavy-ion collisions, we consider the model of the plasma confined in the narrow infinite plate and derive the classical gluon potentials Phi^3, Phi^8 produced by these charges. Two applications - scattering of photons on the plasma and conversion of gluon fields in two photons radiated from the plasma - are discussed.
Solutions for the three-gluon and quark-gluon vertices from Dyson-Schwinger equations and the three-particle irreducible formalism are discussed. Dynamical quarks (``unquenching'') change the three-gluon vertex via the quark-triangle diagrams which themselves include fully dressed quark-gluon vertex functions. On the other hand, the quark-swordfish diagram is, at least with the model used for the two-quark-two-gluon vertex employed here, of minor importance. For the leading tensor structure of the three-gluon vertex the "unquenching" effect can be summarized for the nonperturbative part as a s…
Using a simple model in the context of the Dyson-Schwinger-Bethe-Salpeter approach, we investigate the effects of a dressed-quark-gluon vertex on pseudoscalar meson masses. In particular, we focus on the unequal-mass case and investigate heavy-light meson masses; in addition, we study the premise of the effective treatment of heavy quarks in our approach.
We present a calculation of the three-gluon vertex from its Dyson-Schwinger equation in Landau-gauge Yang-Mills theory. All tensor structures are considered and back-coupled self-consistently. Within the chosen truncation, two-loop diagrams as well as diagrams containing Green's functions beyond the primitively divergent ones are neglected. Only the three-gluon vertex is chosen to be dynamical; the other propagators and vertex functions are provided as separate solutions of their Dyson-Schwinger equations or by Ansatz. For both scaling- and decoupling-type solutions we observe, in agreement wi…
The historical context of the recent results from high energy heavy ion reactions devoted to the search of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is reviewed, with emphasis on the surprises encountered. The evidence for QGP from heavy ion reactions is compared with that available from particle reactions.
I consider the dissociation of a boosted quarkonium in a quark-gluon plasma. This dissociation is due to absorption of a thermal gluon. I discuss the dissociation in terms of the velocity of the quarkonium and the temperature of the quark-gluon plasma. I compare this dissociation rate to the one calculated without including the velocity of the quarkonium.
In this paper we complete our calculation of the NLO jet vertex which is part of the cross section formulae for the production of Mueller Navelet jets at hadron hadron colliders and of forward jets in deep inelastic electron proton scattering.
The amplitude for 4 interacting reggeized gluons is studied in the high-colour limit. The leading order amplitude is explicitly shown to reduce to a pair of reggeons, i.e to a single BFKL pomeron. The next-to-leading order diffractive amplitude is found to split into a double pomeron exchange and triple pomeron contribution. The obtained three-pomeron vertex is different from the originally proposed in [2].
I consider the behavior of the quark-antiquark potential, called the Cornell Potential, in a quark-gluon plasma. Since mesons are no longer bound in the quark-gluon plasma, there might be a relationship between the string tension of the quark-antiquark potential, the mass of the quark, and the coupling constant.
The discriminators of quark-gluon jets developed for $pp$ collisions at the LHC can be used to measure the gluon jet fraction in a jet sample. It allows to measure various characteristics of the quark and gluon jets. The methodology of such measurements for modern hadron colliders is discussed.
The infrared behaviour of Landau gauge QCD vertex functions is investigated employing a skeleton expansion of the Dyson-Schwinger and Renormalization Group equations. Results for the ghost-gluon, three-gluon, four-gluon and quark-gluon vertex functions are presented. Positivity violation of the gluon propagator, and thus gluon confinement, is demonstrated. Results of the Dyson-Schwinger equations for a finite volume are compared to corresponding lattice data. It is analytically demonstrated that a linear rising potential between heavy quarks can be generated by infrared singularities in the dr…
Results on the one-loop quark-gluon vertex with massive quarks are reviewed, in an arbitrary covariant gauge and in arbitrary space-time dimension. We show how it is possible to get on-shell results from the general off-shell expressions. The corresponding Ward-Slavnov-Taylor identity is discussed.
A map to the quark-gluon cascade on the basis of nonlinearity in the quark and gluon distributions in hadrons is proposed. Calculations of the quarks trajectories have shown the presence of the chaotic dynamics as a consequence of bifurcations.
By comparing successful quark-gluon vertex interaction models with the corresponding interaction extracted from lattice-QCD data on the quark's propagator, we identify common qualitative features which could be important to tune future interaction models beyond the rainbow ladder approximation. Clearly, a quantitative comparison is conceptually not simple, but qualitatively the results suggest that a realistic interaction should be relatively broad with a strong support at about $0.4-0.6$~GeV and infrared-finite.
The transverse symmetry transformations associated with the normal symmetry transformations in gauge theories are introduced, which at first are used to reproduce the transverse Ward-Takahashi identities in the Abelian theory QED. Then the transverse symmetry transformations associated with the BRST symmetry and chiral transformations in the non-Abelian theory QCD are used to derive the transverse Slavnov-Taylor identities for the vector and axial-vector quark-gluon vertices, respectively. Based on the set of normal and transverse Slavnov-Taylor identities, an expression of the quark-gluon ver…
We construct a model for the quark-gluon vertex of Landau gauge QCD. This is of twofold interest: on the one hand the quark-gluon interaction is at the heart of quark confinement, on the other hand it is a central element in hadron phenomenology based on QCD Greens functions. We employ the non-Abelian one-loop diagram in perturbation theory, which is of order Nc. As a novelty we replace the tree-level quark and gluon propagators in this diagram by their dressed counterparts solving the Dyson-Schwinger equations. The Nc-suppressed Abelian diagram is an order of magnitude smaller in various kine…
We have scrutinized the transverse momentum dependent quark-gluon-quark correlation function. We have utilized the light-front quark-diquark model to study the time-reversal-odd interaction-dependent twist-3 gluon distributions which we have obtained from the disintegration of the transverse momentum dependent quark-gluon-quark correlator. Specifically, we have studied the behavior of $\tilde{e}_{L}$ and $\tilde{e}_{T}$ while considering our diquark to be an axial-vector.
Based on simple physics arguments it is shown that the concept of quark-gluon plasma, a state of matter consisting of uncorrelated quarks, antiquarks, and gluons, has a fundamental problem.
We study the influence of finite kinematic boundaries on the induced gluon radiation from a fast quark in a finite size quark-gluon plasma. The calculations are carried out for fixed and running coupling constant. We find that for running coupling constant the kinematic correction to the radiative energy loss is small for quark energy larger than about 5 GeV. Our results differ both analytically and numerically from that obtained by the GLV group [6]. The effect of the kinematic cut-offs is considerably smaller than reported in [6].
We consider the running coupling from the four-gluon vertex in Landau gauge, SU($N_c$) Yang-Mills theory as given by a combination of dressing functions of the vertex and the gluon propagator. We determine these functions numerically from a coupled set of Dyson-Schwinger equations. We reproduce asymptotic freedom in the ultraviolet momentum region and find a coupling of order one at mid-momenta. In the infrared we find a nontrivial (i.e. nonzero) fixed point which is three orders of magnitude smaller than the corresponding fixed point in the coupling of the ghost-gluon vertex. This result expl…
In the perturbative QCD approach single and double inclusive cross-sections for gluon production off the nucleus are studied from the relevant reggeized gluon diagrams. Various terms corresponding to emission of gluons from the triple Pomeron vertex are found. Among them the term derived by Kovchegov and Tuchin emerges as a result of transition from the diffractive to effective high-energy vertex. However it does not exhaust all the vertex contributions to the inclusive cross-section. In the double inclusive cross-section a contribution violating naive AGK rules is found, in which one gluon is…
The leading nonperturbative QCD corrections to the one gluon exchange quark-quark, quark-antiquark and $q \bar{q}$ pair-excitation potentials are derived by using a covariant form of nonlocal two-quark and two-gluon vacuum expectation values. Our numerical calculation indicates that the correction of quark and gluon condensates to the quark-antiquark potential improves the heavy quarkonium spectra to some degree.
We present analytical and numerical results for the Dirac form factor of the quark-gluon vertex in the quark symmetric limit, where the incoming and outgoing quark momenta have the same magnitude but opposite sign. To accomplish this, we compute the relevant components of the quark-ghost scattering kernel at the one-loop dressed approximation, using as basic ingredients the full quark propagator, obtained as a solution of the quark gap equation, and the gluon propagator and ghost dressing function, obtained from large-volume lattice simulations.
The thermo-magnetic corrections to the quark-gluon vertex in the presence of a weak magnetic field are calculated in the frame of the Hard Thermal Loop approximation. The vertex satisfies a QED-like Ward identity with the quark self-energy calculated within the same approximation. It turns out that only the longitudinal vertex components get modified. The calculation provides a first principles result for the quark anomalous magnetic moment at high temperature in a weak magnetic field. The effective thermo-magnetic quark-gluon coupling shows a decreasing behavior as function of the field stren…
We study the quark energy loss in an expanding quark-gluon plasma. The expanding plasma produced in high energy AA-collision is described by Bjorken's model. The dependence of the energy loss on the infrared cutoff for the radiated gluons, on the quark mass, and on the initial conditions of QCD plasma is investigated.
We review the calculation of one-loop contributions to the three-gluon vertex, for arbitrary (off-shell) external momenta, in arbitrary covariant gauge and in arbitrary space-time dimension. We discuss how one can get the results for all on-shell limits of interest directly from the general off-shell expression.
We present a calculation of Wigner distributions for gluons in light-front dressed quark model. We calculate the kinetic and canonical gluon orbital angular momentum and spin-orbit correlation of the gluons in this model.
The medium induced energy loss spectrum of a high energy quark or gluon traversing a hot QCD medium of finite volume is studied. We model the interaction by a simple picture of static scattering centres. The total induced energy loss is found to grow as $L^2$, where $L$ is the extent of the medium. The solution of the energy loss problem is reduced to the solution of a Schrödinger-like equation whose ``potential'' is given by the single-scattering cross section of the high energy parton in the medium. These resuls should be directly applicable to a quark-gluon plasma.
We calculate the spectra of charmonium and bottomium in an approximation scheme which treats hard gluons perturbatively while soft gluons are expanded in a set of localized wave functions. Quark-antiquark and quark-antiquark-gluon sectors are included. Reasonable agreement with 2 parameters only is found but the spectra are too coulombic. Despite large coupling constant the admixture of the quark-antiquark-gluon sector is found to be remarkably small.
We compute the full one loop correction to the quartic vertex of QCD at the fully symmetric point. This allows us to define a new momentum subtraction (MOM) scheme in the class of schemes introduced by Celmaster and Gonsalves. Hence using properties of the renormalization group equation, the two loop renormalization group functions for this scheme are given.
In spite of the fact that the Gribov's theorem about the region of applicability of the soft emission factorization cannot be referred literally to the case of massless charged particles, it can be used for the calculation of soft emission amplitudes in such a case also. We demonstrate this for the gluon production amplitude in the multi-Regge kinematics with small transverse momentum.
We present a recent calculation of Wigner distributions of quarks and gluons for a quark target state dressed with a gluon, using overlaps of light-front wave functions.
We study the transverse momentum dependent quark-gluon-quark correlation function. Using a spectator diquark model, we calculate the eight time-reversal-odd interaction-dependent twist-3 quark distributions appearing in the decomposition of the transverse momentum dependent quark-gluon-quark correlator. In order to obtain finite results, we assume a dipole form factor for the nucleon-quark-diquark coupling, instead of a point-like coupling. The results are compared with the time-reversal-odd interaction-independent twist-3 TMDs calculated in the same model.
The gluon polarization tensor for the quark-gluon plasma with shear viscosity is derived with the viscous chromohydrodynamics. The longitudinal and transverse dielectric functions are evaluated from the gluon polarization tensor, through which the polarization energy loss suffered by a fast quark traveling through the viscous quark-gluon plasma is investigated. The numerical analysis indicates that shear viscosity significantly reduces the polarization energy loss.
We demonstrate that for a finite-size quark-gluon plasma the induced gluon radiation from heavy quarks is stronger than that for light quarks when the gluon formation length becomes comparable with (or exceeds) the size of the plasma. The effect is due to oscillations of the light-cone wave function for the in-medium $q\to gq$ transition. The dead cone model by Dokshitzer and Kharzeev neglecting quantum finite-size effects is not valid in this regime. The finite-size effects also enhance the photon emission from heavy quarks.
A quark propagating through the quark gluon plasma and scattering off the thermal gluons can radiate photons in states with definite angular momentum and magnetic helicity. These states, known as the Chandrasekhar-Kendall states, are eigenstates of the curl operator and have a non-trivial topology. I compute spectrum of these states in the ultrarelativistic limit and study its properties.
The early thermalization is crucial to the quark-gluon plasma as a perfect liquid and results from many-body scattering. We calculate squared amplitudes for elastic parton-parton-parton scattering in perturbative QCD. Transport equations with the squared amplitudes are established and solved to obtain the thermalization time of initially produced quark-gluon matter and the initial temperature of quark-gluon plasma. We find that the thermalization times of quark matter and gluon matter are different.
We consider the quark antiquark potential of a quarkonium moving with velocity $v$ through a quark-gluon plasma at temperature T. An explicit, configuration-space expression is found for the screened interaction between the quarks constituting the meson. This potential is non-spherical, but axially symmetric about the direction of $v$.
