在准静态量子退火中寻找量子加速比
Searching for quantum speedup in quasistatic quantum annealers
摘要：
我们认为，在很长的退火时间的量子退火机可能会经历准静态演化，返回的最终人口接近玻尔兹曼分布的哈密顿在一个单一的（冻结）点在退火过程中。这样的系统预期与适当的量子蒙特卡罗模拟很好地相关。它也可能与模拟退火相关，如果在冻结点的量子能量本征值接近经典的。这些相关性只是平衡的标志，并不意味着量子退火机的演化是经典的，或者可以用量子蒙特卡罗模拟。从这样的分布中提取的计算时间反映了平衡行为，因此没有提供关于底层量子动力学的信息。这使得在次优量子退火器中寻找量子加速成为问题。我们使用一个开放的量子主方程与现实的参数来说明在16量子比特量子退火的准静态演化，并讨论其量子加速的含义。
英文摘要：
We argue that a quantum annealer at very long annealing times is likely to experience a quasistatic evolution, returning a final population that is close to a Boltzmann distribution of the Hamiltonian at a single (freeze-out) point during the annealing. Such a system is expected to correlate well with a proper quantum Monte Carlo simulation. It may also correlate with simulated annealing if at the freeze-out point the quantum energy eigenvalues are close to the classical ones. These correlations are just signatures of equilibration and do not mean that the evolution of the quantum annealer is classical or can be simulated by quantum Monte Carlo. The computation time extracted from such a distribution reflects the equilibrium behavior and therefore provides no information about the underlying quantum dynamics. This makes the search for quantum speedup in suboptimal quantum annealers problematic. We use an open quantum master equation with realistic parameters to illustrate quasistatic evolution in a 16 qubit quantum annealer and discuss its implication for quantum speedup.
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