Most critical sensor readings (Top-k Monitoring) in environment monitoring system are important to many wireless sensor applications. In such applications, sensor nodes transmit the data continuously for a specific time period to the storage nodes. It is responsible for transferring the received results to the Authority on Top-k Query request from them. Dummy data's were added into the original text data to secure the data against adversary in case of hacking the sensor and storage nodes. If storage node gets hacked by adversary, false details will be sent to the authority. An effective technique named aggregate signature to validate the source of the message and also to protect the data against latest security attacks, cryptography technique combined with steganography has been introduced. Indexed based scheme for the database access has also been proposed, to validate the resources against availability before forwarding the data fetch request to storage nodes from Authority.
Two recent papers describe almost exactly the same group key establishment protocol for wireless sensor networks. Quite part from the duplication issue, we show that both protocols are insecure and should not be used - a member of a group can successfully impersonate the key generation centre and persuade any other group member to accept the wrong key value. This breaks the stated objectives of the schemes.
Previous Web access authentication systems often use either the Web or the Mobile channel individually to confirm the claimed identity of the remote user. This paper proposes a new protocol using multifactor authentication system that is both secure and highly usable. It uses a novel approach based on Transaction Identification Code and SMS to enforce extra security level with the traditional Login/password system. The system provides a highly secure environment that is simple to use and deploy, that does not require any change in infrastructure or protocol of wireless networks. This Protocol …
Recently, the number of requests for multicast services through the wireless networks has been increased. However, for successful deployment, security and efficiency of content delivery must be provided at first. This paper presents a new approach for secure multicast in wireless networks. This approach, CRAW (Combination of Re-keying and Authentication in Wireless networks) combines member authentication procedure with group key management protocol to provide an efficient group re-keying process. One-time password is proposed for member authentication and CKC (Code for Key Calculation) is sug…
Recently, secure in-network aggregation in wireless sensor networks becomes a challenge issue, there is an extensive research on this area due to the large number of applications where the sensors are deployed and the security needs. In the last few years, aggregation of encrypted data has been proposed in order to maintain secrecy between the sensors and the sink, so the end-to-end data confidentiality is provided. However, the data integrity was not addressed. In this paper, we propose RSAED that allows integrity verification at intermediate nodes, ensures the base station to receive ciphert…
In Wireless Sensor Networks, the sensor nodes are battery powered small devices designed for long battery life. These devices also lack in terms of processing capability and memory. In order to provide high confidentiality to these resource constrained network nodes, a suitable security algorithm is needed to be deployed that can establish a balance between security level and processing overhead. The objective of this research work is to perform a security analysis and performance evaluation of recently proposed Secure Force algorithm. This paper shows the comparison of Secure Force 64, 128, a…
This work presents an application of the highly expressive Attribute-Based Encryption to implement wireless-delimited Secure Zones for firearms. Within these zones, radio-transmitted local policies based on attributes of the consumer and the firearm are received by embedded hardware in the firearms, which then advises the consumer about safe operations. The Secure Zones utilize Attribute-Based Encryption to encode the policies and consumer or user attributes, and providing privacy and security through it cryptography. We describe a holistic approach to evolving the firearm to a cyber-physical …
As the utilization of sensor networks continue to increase, the importance of security becomes more profound. Many industries depend on sensor networks for critical tasks, and a malicious entity can potentially cause catastrophic damage. We propose a new key exchange trust evaluation for peer-to-peer sensor networks, where part of the network has unconditionally secure key exchange. For a given sensor, the higher the portion of channels with unconditionally secure key exchange the higher the trust value. We give a brief introduction to unconditionally secured key exchange concepts and mention …
Key establishment in sensor networks becomes a challenging problem because of the resource limitations of the sensors and also due to vulnerability to physical capture of the sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose an unconditionally secure probabilistic group-based key pre-distribution scheme for a heterogeneous wireless sensor network. The proposed scheme always guarantees that no matter how many sensor nodes are compromised, the non-compromised nodes can still communicate with 100% secrecy, i.e., the proposed scheme is always unconditionally secure against node capture attacks. Moreover, it…
A secure key distribution protocol protected by light's noise was introduced in 2003 [Phys. Rev. A 68, 052307 (2003)]. That protocol utilized the shot noise of light present in the optical channel (eg., an optical fiber) to restrict information leaks to an adversary. An initial shared information between the legitimate users allowed them to extract more information from the channel than the one obtained by the adversary. That original paper recognized the need for a privacy amplification step but no specific protocol was presented. More recently that original idea was improved with a specific …
In Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), All communications between different nodes are sent out in a broadcast fashion. These networks are used in a variety of applications including military, environmental, and smart spaces. Sensors are susceptible to various types of attack, such as data modification, data insertion and deletion, or even physical capture and sensor replacement. Hence security becomes important issue in WSNs. However given the fact that sensors are resources constrained, hence the traditional intensive security algorithms are not well suited for WSNs. This makes traditional secur…
Recently, with the support of mobile cloud computing, a large number of health related data collected from various body sensor networks can be managed efficiently. However, to ensure data security and data privacy in cloud-integrated body sensor networks is an important and challenging issue. In this paper, we present a novel secure access control mechanism Mask Certificate Attribute Based Encryption for cloud integrated body sensor networks. A specific signature is designed to mask the plaintext, then the masked data can be securely outsourced to cloud severs. An authorization certificate com…
To establish secure (point-to-point and/or broadcast) communication channels among the nodes of a wireless sensor network is a fundamental task. To this end, a plethora of (socalled) key pre-distribution schemes have been proposed in the past. All these schemes, however, rely on shared secret(s), which are assumed to be somehow pre-loaded onto the sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel method for secure initialization of sensor nodes based on a visual out-of-band channel. Using the proposed method, the administrator of a sensor network can distribute keys onto the sensor nodes, necess…
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are often deployed in hostile environments, which make such networks highly vulnerable and increase the risk of attacks against this type of network. WSN comprise of large number of sensor nodes with different hardware abilities and functions. Due to the limited memory resources and energy constraints, complex security algorithms cannot be used in sensor networks. Therefore, it is necessary to balance between the security level and the associated energy consumption overhead to mitigate the security risks. Hierarchical routing protocol is more energy-efficient th…
A few years ago, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) used by only military. Now, we have seen many of organizations use WSNs for some purposes such as weather, pollution, traffic control, and healthcare. Security is becoming on these days a major concern for wireless sensor network. In this paper I focus on the security types of attacks and their detection. This paper anatomizes the security requirements and security attacks in wireless sensor networks. Also, indicate to the benchmarks for the security in WSNs.
The simplicity of deployment and perpetual operation of energy harvesting devices provides a compelling proposition for a new class of edge devices for the Internet of Things. In particular, Computational Radio Frequency Identification (CRFID) devices are an emerging class of battery-free, computational, sensing enhanced devices that harvest all of their energy for operation. Despite wireless connectivity and powering, secure wireless firmware updates remains an open challenge for CRFID devices due to: intermittent powering, limited computational capabilities, and the absence of a supervisory …
This paper focuses on Byzantine attack detection for Gaussian two-hop one-way relay network, where an amplify-and-forward relay may conduct Byzantine attacks by forwarding altered symbols to the destination. For facilitating attack detection, we utilize the openness of wireless medium to make the destination observe some secured signals that are not attacked. Then, a detection scheme is developed for the destination by using its secured observations to statistically check other observations from the relay. On the other hand, notice the Gaussian channel is continuous, which allows the possible …
We propose a new platform for implementing secure wireless ad hoc networks. Our proposal is based on a modular architecture, with the software stack constructed directly on the Ethernet layer. Within our platform we use a new security protocol that we designed to ensure mutual authentication between nodes and a secure key exchange. The correctness of the proposed security protocol is ensured by Guttman's authentication tests.
Wireless Networks rendering varied services has not only become the order of the day but the demand of a large pool of customers as well. Thus, security of wireless networks has become a very essential design criterion. This paper describes our research work focused towards creating secure cognitive wireless local area networks using soft computing approaches. The present dense Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) pose a huge threat to network integrity and are vulnerable to attacks. In this paper we propose a secure Cognitive Framework Architecture (CFA). The Cognitive Security Manager (CSM) i…
Information theoretic secrecy is combined with cryptographic secrecy to create a secret-key exchange protocol for wireless networks. A network of transmitters, which already have cryptographically secured channels between them, cooperate to exchange a secret key with a new receiver at a random location, in the presence of passive eavesdroppers at unknown locations. Two spatial point processes: homogeneous Poisson process and independent uniformly distributed points are used for the spatial distributions of transmitters and eavesdroppers. We analyse the impact of the number of cooperating trans…
The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are composed of resource starved sensor nodes that are deployed to sense, process and communicate vital information to the base station. Due to the stringent constraints on the resources in the sensor nodes on one hand and due to the communications costs being always significantly higher than the data processing costs, the WSNs typically, employ in-network processing, which aims at reducing effectively, the total number of packets eventually transmitted to the base station. Such innetwork processing largely employs data aggregation operations that aggregate …
Key establishment between any pair of nodes is an essential requirement for providing secure services in wireless sensor networks. Blom's scheme is a prominent key management scheme but its shortcomings include large computation overhead and memory cost. We propose a new scheme in this paper that modifies Blom's scheme in a manner that reduces memory and computation costs. This paper also provides the value for secure parameter t such that the network is resilient.
Effectiveness of information security of automated process control systems, as well as of SCADA, depends on data transmissions protection technologies applied on transport environments components. This article investigates the problem of detecting attacks on WSN (wireless sensor networks) of SCADA systems. As the result of analytical studies the authors developed the detailed classification of external attacks on sensor networks and brought the detailed description of attacking impacts on components of SCADA systems in accordance with selected directions of attacks. Reviewed the methods of int…
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained researchers' attention in the last several years. Small sensors powered by miniaturized microprocessors are capable of supporting several applications for civil and military domains. Determining the location of sensors is a basic and essential knowledge for most WSN algorithms and protocols including data tagging, routing, node identification, among others. This paper surveys the different algorithms that have been proposed to securely determine the location of a sensor node. By "secure", we mean that adversaries cannot easily affect the accuracy of …
In wireless systems, neighbor discovery (ND) is a fundamental building block: determining which devices are within direct radio communication is an enabler for networking protocols and a wide range of applications. To thwart abuse of ND and the resultant compromise of the dependent functionality of wireless systems, numerous works proposed solutions to secure ND. Nonetheless, until very recently, there has been no formal analysis of secure ND protocols. We close this gap in \cite{asiaccs08}, but we concentrate primarily on the derivation of an impossibility result for a class of protocols. In …
Security is an important issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which are often deployed in hostile environments. The q-composite key predistribution scheme has been recognized as a suitable approach to secure WSNs. Although the q-composite scheme has received much attention in the literature, there is still a lack of rigorous analysis for secure WSNs operating under the q-composite scheme in consideration of the unreliability of links. One main difficulty lies in analyzing the network topology whose links are not independent. Wireless links can be unreliable in practice due to the presence…
This chapter discusses the need of security and privacy protection mechanisms in aggregation protocols used in wireless sensor networks (WSN). It presents a comprehensive state of the art discussion on the various privacy protection mechanisms used in WSNs and particularly focuses on the CPDA protocols proposed by He et al. (INFOCOM 2007). It identifies a security vulnerability in the CPDA protocol and proposes a mechanism to plug that vulnerability. To demonstrate the need of security in aggregation process, the chapter further presents various threats in WSN aggregation mechanisms. A large n…
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is emerging field in Information and communication technology. In WSN data transmission and data collection are unsecure because of sensor node Incompatibility. So providing security to Sensor network is very important. The key based Mechanism is secure data collection and it's mainly used to guarantee data confidentiality. Range pair wise key is largely used due to the necessary of data encryption and decryption between each pair range of communication node. Fixed key mechanism difficult for the attacker to detect the regularity of the randomly generated key ch…
Wireless communication enables a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from commodity to tactical systems. Neighbor discovery (ND), that is, determining which devices are within direct radio communication, is a building block of network protocols and applications, and its vulnerability can severely compromise their functionalities. A number of proposals to secure ND have been published, but none have analyzed the problem formally. In this paper, we contribute such an analysis: We build a formal model capturing salient characteristics of wireless systems, most notably obstacles and interferen…
We propose a routing protocol for wireless networks. Wireless routing protocols allow hosts within a network to have some knowledge of the topology in order to know when to forward a packet (via broadcast) and when to drop it. Since a routing protocol forms the backbone of a network, it is a lucrative target for many attacks, all of which attempt to disrupt network traffic by corrupting routing tables of neighboring routers using false updates. Secure routing protocols designed for wired networks (such as S-BGP) are not scalable in an ad-hoc wireless environment because of two main drawbacks: …
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the Eschenauer-Gligor (EG) key pre-distribution scheme is a widely recognized way to secure communications. Although connectivity properties of secure WSNs with the EG scheme have been extensively investigated, few results address physical transmission constraints. These constraints reflect real-world implementations of WSNs in which two sensors have to be within a certain distance from each other to communicate. In this paper, we present zero-one laws for connectivity in WSNs employing the EG scheme under transmission constraints. These laws help specify th…
Secure Transmission of data packets in Wireless Sensor Networks is an important area of Research. There is a possibility of an attacker creating security holes in the network. Hence, network security and reliability can be achieved by discovering random multiple paths using multiple domains, and forwarding data packets from the source node to the destination node. We have designed, Multiple Domain Routing with Overlap of Nodes (MDRON) and Multiple Domain Routing Without Overlap of Nodes (MDRWON) algorithms, in which packets follow multiple optimized paths simultaneously. The Special node algor…
In wireless sensor networks, the $q$-composite key predistribution scheme is a widely recognized way to secure communications. Although connectivity properties of secure sensor networks with the $q$-composite scheme have been studied in the literature, few results address physical transmission constraints since it is challenging to analyze the network connectivity in consideration of both the $q$-composite scheme and transmission constraints together. These transmission constraints reflect real-world implementations of sensor networks in which two sensors have to be within a certain distance f…
RF-based wireless power transfer networks (WPTNs) are deployed to transfer power to embedded devices over the air via RF waves. Up until now, a considerable amount of effort has been devoted by researchers to design WPTNs that maximize several objectives such as harvested power, energy outage and charging delay. However, inherent security and safety issues are generally overlooked and these need to be solved if WPTNs are to be become widespread. This article focuses on safety and security problems related WPTNs and highlight their cruciality in terms of efficient and dependable operation of RF…
Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) is an emerging technology and explored field of researchers worldwide in the past few years, so does the need for effective security mechanisms. The sensing technology combined with processing power and wireless communication makes it lucrative for being exploited in abundance in future. The inclusion of wireless communication technology also incurs various types of security threats due to unattended installation of sensor nodes as sensor networks may interact with sensitive data and /or operate in hostile unattended environments. These security concerns be address…
We proposed an authentication mechanism in the wireless sensor network. Sensor network uses the Kerberos authentication scheme for the authentication of bases station in the network. Kerberos provides a centralized authentication server whose function is to authenticate user by providing him the ticket to grant request to the base station. In this paper we have provided architecture for the authentication of base station in the wireless sensor network based on the Kerberos server authentication scheme.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are currently used in different industrial and consumer applications, such as earth monitoring, health related applications, natural disaster prevention, and many other areas. Security is one of the major aspects of Wireless sensor networks due to the resource limitations of sensor nodes. However, these networks are facing several threats that affect their functioning and their life. In this paper we present security attacks in wireless sensor networks, and we focus on a review and analysis of the recent Intrusion Detection schemes in WSNs.
A wireless sensor network (WSN) has important applications such as remote environmental monitoring and target tracking. In addition, Wireless Sensor networks is an emerging technology and have great potential to be employed in critical situations like battlefields and commercial applications such as building, traffic surveillance, habitat monitoring and smart homes and many more scenarios. One of the major challenges wireless sensor networks face today is security. This has been enabled by the availability for a kind of possible attacks; the innate power and recall limit of sensor nodes earn c…
Information-theoretic security -- widely accepted as the strictest notion of security -- relies on channel coding techniques that exploit the inherent randomness of the propagation channels to significantly strengthen the security of digital communications systems. Motivated by recent developments in the field, this paper aims at a characterization of the fundamental secrecy limits of wireless networks. Based on a general model in which legitimate nodes and potential eavesdroppers are randomly scattered in space, the intrinsically secure communications graph (iS-graph) is defined from the poin…
Relay transmission can enhance coverage and throughput, while it can be vulnerable to eavesdropping attacks due to the additional transmission of the source message at the relay. Thus, whether or not one should use relay transmission for secure communication is an interesting and important problem. In this paper, we consider the transmission of a confidential message from a source to a destination in a decentralized wireless network in the presence of randomly distributed eavesdroppers. The source-destination pair can be potentially assisted by randomly distributed relays. For an arbitrary rel…
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is an emerging technology now-a-days and has a wide range of applications such as battlefield surveillance, traffic surveillance, forest fire detection, flood detection etc. But wireless sensor networks are susceptible to a variety of potential attacks which obstructs the normal operation of the network. The security of a wireless sensor network is compromised because of the random deployment of sensor nodes in open environment, memory limitations, power limitations and unattended nature. This paper focuses on various attacks that manifest in the network and prov…
The constraints of lightweight distributed computing environments such as wireless sensor networks lend themselves to the use of symmetric cryptography to provide security services. The lack of central infrastructure after deployment of such networks requires the necessary symmetric keys to be predistributed to participating nodes. The rich mathematical structure of combinatorial designs has resulted in the proposal of several key predistribution schemes for wireless sensor networks based on designs. We review and examine the appropriateness of combinatorial designs as a tool for building key …
In this paper, aiming at securing range query, top-k query, and skyline query in tiered sensor networks, we propose the Secure Range Query (SRQ), Secure Top-$k$ Query (STQ), and Secure Skyline Query (SSQ) schemes, respectively. In particular, SRQ, by using our proposed \emph{prime aggregation} technique, has the lowest communication overhead among prior works, while STQ and SSQ, to our knowledge, are the first proposals in tiered sensor networks for securing top-$k$ and skyline queries, respectively. Moreover, the relatively unexplored issue of the security impact of sensor node compromises on…
Key distribution and renewing in wireless local area networks is a crucial issue to guarantee that unauthorized users are prevented from accessing the network. In this paper, we propose a technique for allowing an automatic bootstrap and periodic renewing of the network key by exploiting physical layer security principles, that is, the inherent differences among transmission channels. The proposed technique is based on scrambling of groups of consecutive packets and does not need the use of an initial authentication nor automatic repeat request protocols. We present a modification of the scram…
The notion of Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) refers to inter-connected pieces of avionics equipment supported by a wired technology, with stringent reliability and safety requirements. If the inter-connecting wires are physically secured so that a malicious user cannot access them directly, then this enforces (at least partially) the security of the network. However, substituting the wired network with a wireless network - which in this context is referred to as an Avionics Wireless Network (AWN) - brings a number of new challenges related to assurance, reliability, and security. The AWN th…
This work considers the secure and reliable information transmission in two-hop relay wireless networks without the information of both eavesdropper channels and locations. While the previous work on this problem mainly studied infinite networks and their asymptotic behavior and scaling law results, this papers focuses on a more practical network with finite number of system nodes and explores the corresponding exact results on the number of eavesdroppers the network can tolerant to ensure a desired secrecy and reliability. For achieving secure and reliable information transmission in a finite…
We study the secure degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) of one-hop wireless networks by considering four fundamental Gaussian network structures: wiretap channel, broadcast channel with confidential messages, interference channel with confidential messages, and multiple access wiretap channel. The secure d.o.f. of the canonical Gaussian wiretap channel with no helpers is zero. It has been known that a strictly positive secure d.o.f. can be obtained in the Gaussian wiretap channel by using a helper which sends structured cooperative signals. We show that the exact secure d.o.f. of the Gaussian wiretap …
The increasing deployment of sensor networks, ranging from home networks to industrial automation, leads to a similarly growing demand for storing and processing the collected sensor data. To satisfy this demand, the most promising approach to date is the utilization of the dynamically scalable, on-demand resources made available via the cloud computing paradigm. However, prevalent security and privacy concerns are a huge obstacle for the outsourcing of sensor data to the cloud. Hence, sensor data needs to be secured properly before it can be outsourced to the cloud. When securing the outsourc…
