分子超转子气体中的抑制、爆炸和各向异性弛豫
Inhibited, Explosive and Anisotropic Relaxation in a Gas of Molecular Super-Rotors
摘要：
最近，已经开发了几种飞秒激光技术，这些技术能够在非常短的时间内使气体分子达到极快的旋转，同时保持它们的平移运动完整且相对缓慢。我们研究了这种新状态的分子气体的碰撞平衡动力学，并发现它遵循一个显着的通用方案。达到平衡的途径始于一个持久的亚稳态“陀螺阶段”，在此过程中，分子通过多次碰撞保持其快速旋转和角动量的方向。被抑制的旋转-平移弛豫的特征在于分子角分布中的持续各向异性，并且表现为持久的光学双折射和气体中的各向异性扩散。经过一定的诱导时间后，"陀螺阶段"突然终止的自加速爆炸旋转平移能量交换导致气体走向最终的热平衡。我们通过对几种常见线性分子（如N_2、O_2和CO_2）组成的气体中超转子的直接分子动力学模拟来说明我们的结论。
英文摘要：
Recently, several femtosecond laser techniques have been developed that are capable of bringing gas molecules to extremely fast rotation in a very short time, while keeping their translational motion intact and relatively slow. We investigate collisional equilibration dynamics of this new state of molecular gases, and find that it follows a remarkable generic scenario. The route to equilibrium starts with a durable metastable 'gyroscopic stage', in the course of which the molecules maintain their fast rotation and orientation of the angular momentum through many collisions. The inhibited rotational-translational relaxation is characterized by a persistent anisotropy in the molecular angular distribution, and is manifested in the long-lasting optical birefringence, and anisotropic diffusion in the gas. After a certain induction time, the 'gyroscopic stage' is abruptly terminated by a self-accelerating explosive rotational-translational energy exchange leading the gas towards the final thermal equilibrium. We illustrate our conclusions by direct Molecular Dynamics simulation of super-rotors in several gases consisting of common linear molecules (such as N_2, O_2 and CO_2).
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