长度问题：保持原子线在检查
Length matters: keeping atomic wires in check
摘要：
研究了无缺陷原子长线中非保守力的动力学效应。电流通过这些导线进行了模拟，我们发现，在初始的瞬态，离子的动能包含在少数的声子模式，紧密聚集在频率。这些声子模式对应于初步静态计算确定的水轮模式。静态计算允许在更昂贵的实时模拟之前预测非保守效应的出现。当非保守力与电子摩擦力达到稳定状态时，离子动能在整个带上重新分布。典型的离子动能被发现与系统长度减少，原子质量增加，其依赖于偏压，质量和长度的支持与笔和纸模型。本文强调了非保守力在载流器件中的重要性，并为稳定原子线的设计提供了准则。
英文摘要：
Dynamical effects of non-conservative forces in long, defect free atomic wires are investigated. Current flow through these wires is simulated and we find that during the initial transient, the kinetic energies of the ions are contained in a small number of phonon modes, closely clustered in frequency. These phonon modes correspond to the waterwheel modes determined from preliminary static calculations. The static calculations allow one to predict the appearance of non-conservative effects in advance of the more expensive real-time simulations. The ion kinetic energy redistributes across the band as non-conservative forces reach a steady state with electronic frictional forces. The typical ion kinetic energy is found to decrease with system length, increase with atomic mass, and its dependence on bias, mass and length is supported with a pen and paper model. This paper highlights the importance of non-conservative forces in current carrying devices and provides criteria for the design of stable atomic wires.
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