一个原则问题：量子理论、狄拉克方程和量子信息的原理
A Matter of Principle: The Principles of Quantum Theory, Dirac's Equation, and Quantum Information
摘要：
本文讨论基本原理在理论物理中的作用，特别是量子理论。相对论的基本原理也将在量子电动力学和量子场论中发挥作用，特别是狄拉克的工作，特别是狄拉克从相对论原理和量子理论推导出的电子相对论方程，是本文的主要焦点。然而，我也将考虑海森堡对量子力学的推导，正是他启发了狄拉克。我认为海森堡和狄拉克的工作都是由他们对量子理论基本原理的坚持和信心所指导的。文章的最后一部分讨论了G. M. d 'ariano和他的同事关于量子信息理论的原理，它将量子理论及其原理扩展到一个新的方向。这一扩展使他们能够仅仅从这些原理中推导出狄拉克方程，而不使用相对性原理。
英文摘要：
This article is concerned with the role of fundamental principles in theoretical physics, especially quantum theory. The fundamental principles of relativity will be be addressed as well in view of their role in quantum electrodynamics and quantum field theory, specifically Dirac's work, which, in particular Dirac's derivation of his relativistic equation for the electron from the principles of relativity and quantum theory, is the main focus of this article. I shall, however, also consider Heisenberg's derivation of quantum mechanics, which inspired Dirac. I argue that Heisenberg's and Dirac's work alike was guided by their adherence to and confidence in the fundamental principles of quantum theory. The final section of the article discusses the recent work by G. M. D' Ariano and his coworkers on the principles of quantum information theory, which extends quantum theory and its principles in a new direction. This extension enabled them to offer a new derivation of Dirac's equation from these principles alone, without using the principles of relativity.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
