LHC的事件平均值- $\bf p_t$波动与最小偏差射流（微型射流）
Event-wise mean-$\bf p_t$ fluctuations vs minimum-bias jets (minijets) at the LHC
摘要：
最近报道了在大型强子对撞机（LHC）上对p-p碰撞和Pb-Pb碰撞的逐事件平均横动量$\langle p_t \rangle$的涨落测量。在该研究中，得出的结论是，“非统计”$\langle p_t \rangle$波动的强度随着粒子多重性$n_{ch}$（或A-A中心性）的增加而减小，并且在很大的间隔内几乎与碰撞能量无关。在这些趋势的几个潜在机制中，提到了热化和集体性的开始。LHC的分析采用了从几种可能性中选择的一种波动度量。另一种波动测量揭示了$p_t$波动与$n_{ch}$（或A-A中心性）和碰撞能量的强烈增加，与以前在相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）的测量结果一致。LHC p-p碰撞的$p_t$涨落数据可以用硬组分代表双喷射产生的两组分（软+硬）模型（TCM）精确描述。Pb-Pb碰撞的数据准确地描述了一个TCM参考更外围的碰撞（建议透明碰撞），但数据偏离定量参考更中心的碰撞，建议修改射流形成。总体波动数据趋势表明，最小偏置喷流（minijet）主导$p_t$波动在LHC和RHIC。
英文摘要：
Fluctuation measurements of event-wise mean transverse momentum $\langle p_t \rangle$ for p-p and Pb-Pb collisions at the large hadron collider (LHC) have been reported recently. In that study it was concluded that the strength of "nonstatistical" $\langle p_t \rangle$ fluctuations decreases with increasing particle multiplicity $n_{ch}$ (or A-A centrality) and is nearly independent of collision energy over a large interval. Among several potential mechanisms for those trends onset of thermalization and collectivity are mentioned. The LHC analysis employed one fluctuation measure selected from several possibilities. An alternative fluctuation measure reveals strong increase of $p_t$ fluctuations with $n_{ch}$ (or A-A centrality) and collision energy, consistent with previous measurements at the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC). The $p_t$ fluctuation data for LHC p-p collisions can be described accurately by a two-component (soft+hard) model (TCM) in which the hard component represents dijet production. The data for Pb-Pb collisions are described accurately by a TCM reference for more-peripheral collisions (suggesting transparent collisions), but the data deviate quantitatively from the reference for more-central collisions suggesting modification of jet formation. Overall fluctuation data trends suggest that minimum-bias jets (minijets) dominate $p_t$ fluctuations at both the LHC and RHIC.
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