石墨烯的共振可见光调制
Resonant Visible Light Modulation with Graphene
摘要：
可见光和近红外（vis-NIR）频率的光的快速调制和切换对于光信号处理和传感技术至关重要。似乎没有根本的限制阻止我们设计波长大小的设备，能够在这些光谱范围内以千兆赫（甚至太赫兹）的速度控制光的相位和强度。然而，这个问题在很大程度上仍然没有解决，尽管最近在使用量子阱和相变材料用于该目的方面取得了进展。在这里，我们探索了一种基于石墨烯卓越的电光特性的替代解决方案。特别是，我们预测单位阶的变化，在电子掺杂的石墨烯片耦合到现实的工程光学腔产生的可见-近红外光的传输和吸收。光强度在石墨烯平面处增强，并且其吸收也增强，这可以通过改变掺杂水平经由泡利阻断来切换和调制。具体来说，我们探索介质平面腔隧穿或法布里-珀罗共振传输条件下，以及米氏模式在硅纳米球和晶格共振在金属颗粒阵列。我们的模拟揭示了透射率的绝对变化超过90%，以及消光比>15 dB，使用可行的材料参数具有小的插入损耗，从而支持石墨烯在可见-近红外频率的快速电光中的应用。
英文摘要：
Fast modulation and switching of light at visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) frequencies is of utmost importance for optical signal processing and sensing technologies. No fundamental limit appears to prevent us from designing wavelength-sized devices capable of controlling the light phase and intensity at gigaherts (and even terahertz) speeds in those spectral ranges. However, this problem remains largely unsolved, despite recent advances in the use of quantum wells and phase-change materials for that purpose. Here, we explore an alternative solution based upon the remarkable electro-optical properties of graphene. In particular, we predict unity-order changes in the transmission and absorption of vis-NIR light produced upon electrical doping of graphene sheets coupled to realistically engineered optical cavities. The light intensity is enhanced at the graphene plane, and so is its absorption, which can be switched and modulated via Pauli blocking through varying the level of doping. Specifically, we explore dielectric planar cavities operating under either tunneling or Fabry-Perot resonant transmission conditions, as well as Mie modes in silicon nanospheres and lattice resonances in metal particle arrays. Our simulations reveal absolute variations in transmission exceeding 90% as well as an extinction ratio >15 dB with small insertion losses using feasible material parameters, thus supporting the application of graphene in fast electro-optics at vis-NIR frequencies.
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