应用法医学STR基因座揭示汉藏人群遗传结构
Genetic structure of Sino-Tibetan populations revealed by forensic STR loci
摘要：
汉藏民族的起源和分化一直是人们争论的热点。然而，西藏人群有限的遗传信息使这一主题远未明确。本研究对甘肃省803名藏族无关个体（甘南635名，天祝168名）的15个常染色体STR进行了基因分型。我们将这些数据与已发表的数据集相结合，以推断详细的人口亲和力和混合的汉藏人口。我们的研究结果表明，汉藏人群的遗传结构与语言隶属关系密切相关。虽然藏族、缅甸族和汉族人群的遗传变异相对较小，但其遗传成分具有很大的差异，尤其是缅甸族的登族、怒族和独龙族。南方原住民，如泰卡岱人和苗族人可能对汉族和阿尔泰人有很大的遗传贡献，但对藏族没有贡献。同样地，汉族人与阿尔泰人种的基因组成非常相似，而藏族人则不同，这并不支持藏族人起源于北亚。这里生成的数据集对于法医鉴定也是有价值的。
英文摘要：
The origin and diversification of Sino-Tibetan populations have been a long-standing hot debate. However, the limited genetic information of Tibetan populations keeps this topic far from clear. In the present study, we genotyped 15 forensic autosomal STRs from 803 unrelated Tibetan individuals from Gansu Province (635 from Gannan and 168 from Tianzhu). We combined these data with published dataset to infer a detailed population affinities and admixture of Sino-Tibetan populations. Our results revealed that the genetic structure of Sino-Tibetan populations was strongly correlated with linguistic affiliations. Although the among-population variances are relatively small, the genetic components for Tibetan, Lolo-Burmese, and Han Chinese were quite distinctive, especially for the Deng, Nu, and Derung of Lolo-Burmese. Southern indigenous populations, such as Tai-Kadai and Hmong-Mien populations might have made substantial genetic contribution to Han Chinese and Altaic populations, but not to Tibetans. Likewise, Han Chinese but not Tibetan shared very similar genetic makeups with Altaic populations, which did not support the North Asian origin of Tibetan populations. The dataset generated here are also valuable for forensic identification.
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