Hadronic decays of the highly excited $2D$ $D_s$ resonances have been studied in the $^3P_0$ model. Widths of all possible hadronic decay channels of the $2D$ $D_s$ have been computed. $D^*_{s1}(2700)$, $D^*_{s1}(2860)$, $D^*_{s3}(2860)$, $D(2600)$ and $D(2750)$ can be produced from hadronic decays of the $2D$ $D_s$, and relevant hadronic decay widths have been particularly paid attention to. The hadronic decay widths of $2D$ $D_s$ to $D(2600)$ or $D(2750)$ may be large, and the numerical results are different in different assignments of $D(2600)$ and $D(2750)$. The hadronic decay widths of $2D$ $D_s$ to $D^*_{s1}(2860)$, $D^*_{s3}(2860)$ or $D^*_{s1}(2700)$ are very small, and different in different assignments of $D^*_{s1}(2700)$.
We studied the hadronic decays of excited states of heavy mesons (D, D_s, B and B_s) to lighter states by emission of pi, eta or K. Wavefunctions and energy levels of these excited states are determined using a Dirac equation for the light quark in the potential generated by the heavy quark (including first order corrections in the heavy quark expansion). Transition amplitudes are computed in the context of the Heavy Chiral Quark Model.
A newly upgraded version of the BCVEGPY, a generator for hadronic production of the meson $B_c$ and its excited states, is available. In comparison with the previous one [C.H. Chang, J.X. Wang and X.G. Wu, Comput. Phys. Commun. {\bf 175}, 624 (2006)], the new version is to apply an improved hit-and-miss technology to generating the un-weighted events much more efficiently under various simulation environments. The codes for production of $2S$-wave $B_c$ states are also given here.
We make comments on ref.[Z.Phys. C73, 541 (1997)], and provide partial wave analysis to the decays of excited heavy S-wave $1^-$ quarkonia into the basic $1^-$ quarkonia state plus $ππ$. It is revealed that there exist contributions of D-wave transition in $ψ'\longrightarrow J/ψππ$, $Υ(2S)\longrightarrow Υ(1S) ππ$ and $Υ(3S)\longrightarrow Υ(1S) ππ$ by using the data-fitting results in ref.[Z.Phys C73, 541 (1997)]. A possible experimental method to measure the D-wave directly is discussed.
Adopting the complete $α_s^4$ approach of the perturbative QCD (pQCD) and updated parton distribution functions, we have estimated the hadronic production of $P$-wave excited $B_c$-states ($B_{cJ,L=1}^*$). In the estimate, special care on the relation of the production amplitude to the derivative of wave function at origin of the potential model is payed. For experimental references, main uncertainties are discussed, and the total cross sections and the distributions of the production with reasonable cuts at the energies of Tevatron and LHC are computed and presented. The results show that $P$…
We study the hadronic vacuum polarization in the resonance energy region, using the framework given by the Resonance Effective Theory of QCD. We consider the incorporation of vector-pseudoscalar meson loops that give, inclusively, three and four pseudoscalar meson cuts. After resummation we achieve a QCD-based inclusive parameterization of the correlator, hence of the hadronic cross-section in the energy region populated by resonances.
Using a relativistic hydrodynamics + hadronic afterburner simulation we explore resonance production in PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV, and demonstrate that many resonance yields, mean transverse momenta, and flows are very sensitive to the late stage hadronic rescattering. Out of all measured resonances $Λ(1520)$ is affected strongest by the hadronic rescattering stage, which allows to estimate its duration, and even constrain branching ratios of $Σ^* \to Λ(1520)π$ decays. Strong suppression of $Λ(1520)$, which in vacuum has a lifetime of 12.6 fm/$c$, is explained by its small lifetime in a hadr…
We re-examine the hadronic loop effects to the masses of $D^*_0$ and $D^*_{s0}$ calculated in quark models in the framework of heavy meson chiral perturbation theory (HMCHPT). The inaccuracy in the choice of the argument of the chiral loop functions in previous works is corrected. Our calculations consider the full one-loop corrections that appear at leading order in the chiral expansion of the effective Lagrangian. Unlike previous approaches, ours leads to satisfactory results in explaining the low mass of the observed scalar charm states reported by the Particle Data Group (PDG). It is found…
Production of $ϕ(1020), Λ^*(1520)$ and $\bar{K^*}(892)$ resonances at the final stage of a heavy-ion collision is considered. It is shown that original momentum distributions and abundance of resonances formed during the process of heavy ion collision may differ significantly from their measured spectra and yields. Reconstruction probability of resonances decaying inside the fireball can be strongly suppressed because of interactions of their hadronic decay products in the fireball medium. We investigate dependence of the degree of the suppression on the fireball size, dynamics, and the resona…
We classify the meson and baryon long lived resonances considering quarks with electric charge 5/3 and $-4/3$ (in units of $\vert e\vert$) predicted by some 3-3-1 models. Some of these exotic resonances have the usual electric charges $0,\pm1$, others have $\pm(3,4,5)$, and the lightest ones decaying only into leptons plus known resonances. We propose another heavy $SU(3)_H$ global symmetry under which hadrons involving only exotic quarks can be constructed.
A detailed study of orbital and radial excited states in D, Ds, B and B_s systems is performed. The chiral quark model provides the framework for the calculation of pseudoscalar meson (pi, K, ...) hadronic transitions among heavy-light excited and ground states. To calculate the excited states masses and wavefunctions, we must resort to a relativistic quark model. Our model includes the leading order corrections in 1/m_(c,b) (e.g. mixing). Numerical results for masses and light hadronic transition rates are compared to existing experimental data. The effective coupling of the chiral quark mode…
In a composite model of the weak bosons the p-wave bosons are studied. The state with the lowest mass is identified with the boson, which has been discovered at the LHC. Specific properties of the excited bosons are discussed, in particular their decays into weak bosons and photons. Recently a two photon signal has been observed, which might come from the decay of a neutral heavy boson with a mass of about 0.75 TeV. This particle could be an excited weak tensor boson.
With an effective chiral flavour SU(3) model we show the effect of hadronic resonances on the QCD phase diagram. We state that varying the resonance couplings to the scalar and vector fields affects the order and location of the phase transition, the possible existence of a critical end point (CEP), and the thermodynamic properties. We present (strange) quark number susceptibilities at zero baryochemical potential and at three different points at the phase transition. Comparing results to lattice QCD, we state that reasonable large vector couplings limit the phase transition to a smooth crosso…
The self-consistency of a thermodynamical theory for hadronic sys- tems based on the non-extensive statistics is investigated. We show that it is possible to obtain a self-consistent theory according to the asymptotic bootstrap principle if the mass spectrum and the energy density increase q-exponentially. A direct consequence is the existence of a limiting effective temperature for the hadronic system. We show that this result is in agreement with experiments.
The origin and main properties of new heavy hadrons as dark matter candidates, are represented. Low-energy interactions of new hadrons with leptons and nucleons are described in the terms of effective vertexes. We consider the lowest excited levels of new mesons in the frame-work of the Heavy Quark Effective Theory. The effect of fine and hyper-fine splitting of excited states follows directly from this theory. We analyze phenomenological consequences of this effect as manifestation of dark matter particles.
The identification of problematic meson states as the members of the quark model $q\bar{q}$ nonets by using a hadronic resonance spectrum is discussed. The results favor the currently adopted $q\bar{q}$ assignments for the axial-vector, tensor, and 1 $^3F_4$ $J^{PC}=4^{++}$ meson nonets, and suggest a new $q\bar{q}$ assignment for the scalar meson nonet which favors the interpretation of the $f_0(980)$ and $f_0(1710)$ mesons as non-$q\bar{q}$ objects. We also suggest that the 2 $^3S_1$ $\frac{1}{2}(1^{-})$ state should be identified with the $K^\ast (1680)$ rather than $K^\ast (1410)$ meson.
Tau decays into hadrons foresee the study of the hadronization of vector and axial-vector QCD currents, yielding relevant information on the dynamics of the resonances entering into the processes. We analyse tau -> (3 pion) nu_tau decays within the framework of the Resonance Chiral Theory, comparing this theoretical scheme with the experimental data, namely ALEPH spectral function and branching ratio. Hence we get values for the mass and on-shell width of the a_1(1260) resonance, and provide the structure functions that have been measured by OPAL and CLEO-II.
The $J^P=0^-$ radial excitation $D_s(2^1S_0)$ is anticipated to have mass $2650$ MeV (denoted with $D_s(2650)$) though it has not been observed. $D_s(2650)$ is anticipated to be observed in inclusive $e^+e^-$ and $pp$ collisions in $D^*K$ channel. $D_s(2650)$ can be produced from hadronic decays of higher excited resonances. In a $^3P_0$ model, hadronic production of $D_s(2650)$ has been studied, relevant decay widths have been estimated. The hadronic decays of $D_s(3P)$ have been explored in detail, and the dominant decay channels have been pointed out. Two hadronic decay channels of $D^+_{sJ…
In this paper we study the influence of hadronic resonances on the phase diagram calculated with an effective chiral flavour SU(3) model. We show that varying the couplings of the baryonic resonances to the attractive scalar and the repulsive vector fields has a major impact on the order and location of the chiral phase transition and the possible existence of a critical end point as well as on the thermodynamic properties of the model. Furthermore, we study (strange) quark number fluctuations and show the related susceptibilities both at zero baryochemical potential and when crossing the phas…
We use the Interacting Instanton Liquid Model (IILM) as a tool to study the role played by the chiral interactions in the lowest-lying vector and axial vector meson resonances. We find that narrow a1 and rho meson resonances can be generated by instanton-induced chiral forces, even in the absence of confinement. In the IILM, these hadrons are found to have masses only about 30% larger than the experimental value and small width <10-50 MeV. This result suggests that chiral interactions are very important in these systems and provide most of their mass. We explore the decaying patterns of the rh…
We present a relativistic constituent quark model to analyze the mass spectrum and hadronic properties of radially excited u and d quark sector mesons. Using a simple Gaussian function as a trial wave function for the variational principle of a QCD motivated Hamiltonian, we obtain the mass spectrum consistent with the experimental data. To do the same for several observables such as decay constants and form factors, it seems necessary to include both Dirac and Pauli form factors on the level of constituent quarks. Taking into account the quark form factors, we thus present the generalized form…
We evaluate the contribution of scalar mesons to the hadronic light-by-light piece of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, using a warped five-dimensional model and holographic methods. We assess the contribution of the lightest, sub-GeV scalars $σ(500)$, $a_0(980)$ and $f_0(980)$ together with their associated towers of excited states, which the model generates automatically. Our results point at a clearly negative contribution, overwhelmingly dominated by the $σ(500)$ meson, that we estimate at $a_μ^{\rm{HLbL,S}}=-9(2)\cdot 10^{-11}$. This number is in very good agreement with the most recent…
Within the resonance chiral effective theory we study the dressed propagators of the spin-1 fields, as arise from a Dyson-Schwinger resummation perturbatively constructed from loop diagrams with absorptive contributions in the s-channel. We apply the procedure to the vector pion form factor and the elastic pion-pion scattering to obtain the off-shell width of the rho_0 meson. We adopt a definition of the off-shell width of spin-1 meson resonances that satisfies the requirements of analyticity, unitarity, chiral symmetry and asymptotic behaviour ruled by QCD. To fulfil these constraints the res…
In this note we present a new parametrization of the hadronic current for the decay $τ\to πππν_τ$ derived from the chiral lagrangian with explicit inclusion of resonances. We have included both scalar, vector and axial-vector resonances. For the first time, the lowest tensor resonance ($f_2(1270)$) is included as well. Both single and double-resonance contributions to the hadronic form factors are taken into account. To satisfy the correct high energy behaviour of the hadronic form factors, constraints on numerical values of the vertex constants are obtained.
In the article of V.V. Anisovich et al., Yad. Fiz. 63, 1489 (2000), the K-matrix solutions for the wave IJ^{PC}=00^{++} were obtained in the mass region 450 - 1900 MeV where four resonances f0(980), f0(1300), f0(1500), f0(1750) and the broad state f0(1530^{+90}_{-250}) are located. Based on these solutions, we determine partial widths for scalar-isoscalar states decaying into the channels pi-pi, K-anti K, eta-eta, eta-eta', pi-pi-pi-pi and corresponding decay couplings.
Tau decays into hadrons have a twofold interest: On the one hand, they are a clean environment for studying the hadronization of the left-handed current of QCD, while, on the other side, provide relevant dynamical information of the resonances that mediate these processes. Within an effective field theory-like framework, namely Resonance Chiral Theory, we analyse the decays ot the tau into K K pion modes and compare the results with CLEO and BaBar data. In this way, we provide bounds on the couplings entering our Lagrangian and predict the corresponding spectral functions. As a main result -an…
Hadronic Production of S-wave and P-wave Charmed Beauty Mesons via Heavy Quark Fragmentation
在强子对撞机上，具有大横向动量的$(\bar bc)$介子的主要产生机制是部分子碎裂。计算了Tevatron中通过底反夸克直接碎裂和Altarelli-Parisi诱导胶子碎裂产生S波和P波$(\bar b c)$介子的速率和横动量谱.由于所有的径向和轨道激发的$(\bar b c)$介子低于$BD$味阈值将级联到赝标基态$B_c$通过电磁和/或强子跃迁，他们都有助于包括生产$B_c$。激发S波和P波态对$B_c$的贡献分别为58%和23%，因此是显著的.
One type of dynamical generation consists in the formation of multiple hadronic resonances from single seed states by incorporating hadronic loop contributions on the level of $s$-wave propagators. Along this line, we study the propagator poles within two models of scalar resonances and report on the status of our work: (i) Using a simple quantum field theory describing the decay of $f_{0}(500)$ into two pions, we may obtain a second, additional pole on the first Riemann sheet below the pion-pion threshold (i.e., a stable state can emerge). (ii) We perform a numerical study of the pole(s) of $…
The rare processes $B_c\to D_{(s)J} ^{(*)}μ\barμ$, where $D_{(s)J}^{(*)}$ stands for the final meson $D_{s0}^*(2317)$, $D_{s1}(2460,2536)$,~$D_{s2}^*(2573)$, $D_0^*(2400)$, $D_{1}(2420,2430)$ or~$D_{2}^*(2460)$, are studied within the Standard Model. The hadronic matrix elements are evaluated in the Bethe-Salpeter approach and furthermore a discussion on the gauge-invariant condition of the annihilation hadronic currents is presented. Considering the penguin, box, annihilation, color-favored cascade and color-suppressed cascade contributions, the observables $\text{d}Br/\text{d}Q^2$, $A_{LPL}$…
We suggest using the half-width rule to make an estimate of the 1/Nc errors in hadronic models containing resonances. We show simple consequences ranging from the analysis of meson Regge trajectories, the hadron resonance gas at finite temperature and generalized hadronic form factors.
The relativistic three-quark equations of the ${\bf (70,1^-)}$ baryons are found in the framework of the dispersion relation technique. The approximate solutions of these equations using the method based on the extraction of leading singularities of the amplitude are obtained. The calculated mass values of the ${\bf (70,1^-)}$ multiplet are in good agreement with the experimental ones.
A decade ago, BES Collaboration reported the discovery of a new scalar isosinglet resonance denoted as $f_0(1790)$. The finding was subsequently confirmed by LHCb. Recently, the existence of the corresponding isotriplet state -- the $a_0(1950)$ resonance -- has been claimed by BABAR. We investigate whether these resonances can be described as excited $\bar{q}q$ states. To this end, a comprehensive Lagrangian containing ground-state $\bar{q}q$ mesons as well as their first excitations is constructed in accordance with symmetries of the strong interaction. Both $f_0(1790)$ and $a_0(1950)$ emerge…
Inspired from the experimental information coming from LHC [2,3] and Babar [4] for radially higher excited charmed mesons, we predict the masses and decays of the n=2 S-wave and P- wave bottom mesons using the effective lagrangian approach. Using heavy quark effective theory approach, non-perturbative parameters (?, ?1 and ?2) are fitted using the available experimental and theoretical informations on charm masses. Using heavy quark symmetry and the values of these fitted parameters, the masses of radially excited even and odd parity bottom mesons with and without strangness are predicted. The…
We summarize results obtained in the $1/N_c$ expansion method for the masses of baryon resonances belonging to the $[{\bf 70},\ell^+]$ multiplet. They represent an extension of our previous studies from two to three flavors. A better approach to mixed symmetric states of any angular momentum and parity is also outlined.
Searches for new hadronic resonances typically focus on high-mass spectra, due to overwhelming QCD backgrounds and detector trigger rates. We present a study of searches for relatively low-mass hadronic resonances at the LHC in the case that the resonance is boosted by recoiling against a well-measured high-$p_{\textrm{T}}$ probe such as a muon, photon or jet. The hadronic decay of the resonance is then reconstructed either as a single large-radius jet or as a resolved pair of standard narrow-radius jets, balanced in transverse momentum to the probe. We show that the existing 2015 LHC dataset …
We estimate the transport coefficients like shear and bulk viscosities of hot hadronic matter in van der Walls hadron resonance gas ( VDW HRG ) model in the relaxation time approximation. We also have compared these results with excluded volume hadron resonance ( EV HRG ) calculations. $η/s$ decreases as the temperature of the hadronic system increases at a fixed baryon chemical potential. $η/s$ in VDW HRG is always less than that of EV HRG case due to the large entropy density in VDW HRG compared to EV HRG case. At a fixed chemical potential, $ζ/s$ in VDW HRG is also less than that of EV HRG …
ECOMB is established as a hadronic multiparticle production generator by soft interaction. It incorporates the eikonal formalism, parton model, color mutation, branching, resonance production and decay. A partonic cluster, being color-neutral initially, splits into smaller color-neutral clusters successively due to the color mutation of the quarks. The process stops at hadronic resonance, $q\bar q$ pair, formation. The model contains self-similar dynamics and exhibits scaling behavior in the factorial moments, e.g. the intermittency.
We discuss coexistence/mixing of different natures of hadronic composite (molecule) and elementary (quark-intrinsic) ones in hadron resonances. The discussions here are based on our previous publications on the origin of hadron resonances \cite{Hyodo:2008xr}, exotic $\bar D$ meson-nucleons as hadronic composites containing one anti-heavy quark \cite{Yamaguchi:2011xb}, and the study of $a_1$ as a typical example to show explicitly the mixing of the two different natures \cite{Nagahiro:2011jn}. In all cases, interactions are derived from the chiral dynamics of the light flavor sector. These inte…
The masses of positive parity $(70,0^+)$ and $(70,2^+)$ nonstrange and strange baryons are calculated in the relativistic quark model. The relativistic three-quark equations of the $(70,L^+)$ multiplets are found in the framework of the dispersion relation technique. The approximate solutions of these equations using the method based on the extraction of leading singularities of the amplitude are obtained. The calculated mass values of the $(70,L^+)$ multiplets are in good agreement with the experimental ones.
The next-to-leading-order contribution to the amplitude of a two-body decay process is a triangle-shaped diagram in which the unstable state is exchanged by the emitted particles. In this work we calculate this diagram in the framework of a scalar quantum field theory and we estimate its role in hadronic physics, i.e., we apply our results to the well-known scalar-isoscalar resonances $f_{0}(500)$, $f_{0}(980)$, $f_{0}(1370)$, $f_{0}(1500)$, $f_{0}(1710)$ and the scalar-isovector resonance $a_{0}(1450)$. It turns out that, with the exception of the broad resonance $f_{0}(500)$, the next-to-lea…
The properties of strange pseudoscalar and vectors mesons as well as strange baryon resonances in dense matter are reviewed. Some open questions on the properties of strange hadrons in medium are addressed, such as the experimental signatures of in-medium effects coming from the hadronic phase on the final observables in heavy-ion collisions for the experimental conditions at SIS, RHIC and LHC energies.
Charged particles $p_T$ spectra and elliptic flow in 0-60% Au+Au collisions at RHIC are analyzed in a hydrodynamic model with hot, hadronic resonance gas in the initial state. Physically conceivable hadronic resonance gas, thermalized in the time scale $τ_i$=1 fm, at a (central) temperature $T_i$=220 MeV, with viscosity to entropy ratio $η/s$=0.24, reasonably well explains $p_T$ spectra in all the collision centralities. Centrality dependence of elliptic flow however demands continual increase of viscosity to entropy ratio with centrality.
We show that if the hadronic resonance gas (HRG), with viscosity to entropy ratio $η/s\approx$0.24, is physical at temperature $T\approx$220 MeV, charged particles $p_T$ spectra and elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at RHIC, over a wide range of collision centrality do not distinguish between initial QGP fluid and initial hadronic resonance gas. Unambiguous identification of bulk of the matter produced in Au+Au collisions require clear demonstration that HRG is unphysical at temperature $T<$200 MeV. It calls for precise lattice simulations with realistic boundary conditions.
A review on the requirements of chiral symmetry on effective quark models is presented. The connection between the pion Salpeter amplitude and the mass gap equation is discussed. Hadronic scattering, notably, $ππ$ scattering is presented. The constraints imposed by chiral symmetry between difractive quark scattering and quark-quark annihilation is presented. Hadronic coupled channels as a consequence of quark-quark annihilation are discussed together with the $^3P_0$ mecahnism. Graphical-rules diagrams are intoduced as a means to evaluate hadronic coupled channel transition potentials. Their r…
I discuss how masses and widths of hadron resonances are extracted from lattice QCD. Recent lattice results on the light, strange and charm meson resonances are reviewed. Their properties are revealed by simulating the corresponding scattering channels pi-pi, K-pi and D-pi on the lattice and extracting the scattering phase shifts. In particular we address the resonances rho, D0*(2400), D1(2430), K*, kappa and K0*(1430).
We present a neat example of a meson--baryon system where the vicinity of two different thresholds enhances the binding of a hadronic resonance, a pentaquark. As a consequence the pattern of states may change when moving among different flavor sectors, what poses a warning on naive extrapolations to heavy flavor sectors based on systematic expansions. For this purpose we simultaneously analyze the $N\bar D$ and $NB$ two-hadron systems looking for possible bound states or resonances. When a resonance is controlled by a coupled-channel effect, going to a different flavor sector may enhance or di…
We present the first calculation within lattice QCD of excited light meson resonances with $J^{PC} = 1^{--}$, $2^{--}$ and $3^{--}$. Working with an exact SU(3) flavor symmetry, for the singlet representation of pseudoscalar-vector scattering, we find two $1^{--}$ resonances, a lighter broad state and a heavier narrow state, a broad $2^{--}$ resonance decaying in both $P$- and $F$-waves, and a narrow $3^{--}$ state. We present connections to experimental $ω^\star_J, ϕ^\star_J$ resonances decaying into $πρ$, $K\bar{K}^*$, $ηω$ and other final states.
We present a nucleon resonance analysis by simultaneously considering all pion- and photon-induced experimental data on the final states gamma N, pi N, 2 pi N, eta N, K Lambda, K Sigma, and omega N for energies from the nucleon mass up to sqrt(s) = 2 GeV. In this analysis we find strong evidence for the resonances P_{31}(1750), P_{13}(1900), P_{33}(1920), and D_{13}(1950). The omega N production mechanism is dominated by large P_{11}(1710) and P_{13}(1900) contributions. In this first part, we present the results of the pion-induced reactions and the extracted resonance and background properti…
Exclusive semi-leptonic decays of the tau lepton offer a clean probe to study the hadronization of QCD currents in its non-perturbative regime and learn about resonance dynamics, which drives strong interactions in these processes. In this theory outlook, I will use the simplest non-trivial di-pion tau decays to illustrate briefly recent theoretical progress on these analyses and their comparison to data.
An upgraded version of the package [BCVEGPY2.0: Chao-Hsi Chang, Jian-Xiong Wang and Xing-Gang Wu, Comput. Phys. Commun. {\bf 174} (2006) 241-251] is presented, which works under LINUX system and is named as BCVEGPY2.1. Using this version with a GNU C compiler, users may simulate the $B_c$-events in various experimental environments very conveniently. It has been rearranged for better modularity and code reusability (less dependency among various modules) than BCVEGPY2.0 has. Furthermore, in the upgraded version a special and convenient executable-file {\bf run} as default is available accordin…
Until present the study of the form factors associated to the vector and axial-vector components of the hadronic weak current has been carried out with a plethora of modelizations of the underlying strong interactions. While of importance to get an understanding of the dynamics involved, the amount and quality of the experimental data start to show some discrepancies with the analysed models. Moreover, and from a theoretical point of view, most of these models are not consistent with quantum chromodynamics (QCD). We propose a QCD-based model-independent procedure to analyse those decays throug…
