大气红外辐射cosmic ray调制的进一步考虑
Further considerations of cosmic ray modulation of infra-red radiation in the atmosphere
摘要：
了解电离在低层大气的影响是一个新的跨学科领域，跨越传统上不同的科学界限。根据Erlykin等人的论文（Astropart. 57- 58（2014）26- 29），我们开发了对观察到的长波（LW）辐射变化的解释（Aplin和Lockwood，Env. Res. 8，015026（2013）），通过考虑宇宙射线电离产额和大气辐射转移。为了证明这一点，我们表明，整个大气的热结构需要考虑电离的垂直剖面。考虑到宇宙射线簇射的所有成分而不仅仅是μ子的电离，我们发现我们所探测到的效应肯定与实验室对LW吸收截面的观测并不矛盾。这里提出的分析，虽然与Erlykin等人的分析非常不同，确实得出了同样的结论，即检测到的事件不是由个别宇宙射线原色引起的--不是因为在能量方面是不可能的，而是因为所需能量的事件对于AL实验所看到的12/hr的速率来说太罕见了。本文数值模拟了三种不同的方案变化的影响，主要的GCR频谱，所有再现所需的观测效果的幅度。然而，它们不能单独解释观察到的峰值效应的延迟，如果得到证实，似乎将在水低聚物及其对LW辐射的影响的研究中开辟一个全新的和有趣的领域。我们认为，在早期的实验中的技术人工制品是极不可能的，我们的初步观察值得后续实验和更严格的，自洽的，三维辐射传输模型。
英文摘要：
Understanding effects of ionisation in the lower atmosphere is a new interdisciplinary area, crossing traditionally distinct scientific boundaries. Following the paper of Erlykin et al. (Astropart. Phys. 57--58 (2014) 26--29) we develop the interpretation of observed changes in long-wave (LW) radiation (Aplin and Lockwood, Env. Res. Letts. 8, 015026 (2013)), by taking account of cosmic ray ionisation yields and atmospheric radiative transfer. To demonstrate this, we show that the thermal structure of the whole atmosphere needs to be considered along with the vertical profile of ionisation. Allowing for ionisation by all components of a cosmic ray shower and not just by the muons, reveals that the effect we have detected is certainly not inconsistent with laboratory observations of the LW absorption cross section. The analysis presented here, although very different from that of Erlykin et al., does come to the same conclusion that the events detected were not caused by individual cosmic ray primaries -- not because it is impossible on energetic grounds, but because events of the required energy are too infrequent for the 12/hr rate at which they were seen by the AL experiment. The present paper numerically models the effect of three different scenario changes to the primary GCR spectrum which all reproduce the required magnitude of the observed effect. However, they cannot solely explain the observed delay in the peak effect which, if confirmed, would appear to open up a whole new and interesting area in the study of water oligomers and their effects on LW radiation. We argue that a technical artefact in the earlier experiment is highly unlikely and that our initial observations merit both follow-up experiments and more rigorous, self-consistent, three-dimensional radiative transfer modelling.
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